ARCHITECTURAL MODEL TO ENABLE POWER
SYSTEM TRADEOFF STUDIES (PPT presentation)
C. Chryssostomidis, J. Chalfant, D. Hanthorn, et al.
MITSG 10-33
Sea Grant College Program
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
Project No. 2008-ESRDC-01-LEV
Chrys Chryssostomidis
Julie
J
Chalfant
David Hanthorn
Architectural Model to
E bl P
Enable
Power S
System
Tradeoff Studies
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Overall architectural model for an allall-electric ship
p
Fully--integrated physics
Fully
physics--based simulation of electrical,
hydrodynamic, thermal, and structural components of
ship operating in seaway.
seaway
An early
early--stage design tool capable of performing
tradeoff studies on concepts such as
 AC vs. DC distribution
 frequency and voltage level
 energy and
d power managementt options
ti
 effect of arrangements and topology
Goal
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hull, mechanical and electrical (HM&E) systems
Weight
g
Volume
Efficiency/Fuel Consumption
Cost
Reliability (Quality of Service)
Survivability
Metrics
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Begin with balanced design of ship envelope, bulkheads, decks
Zonal arrangement of major equipment
Zonal distribution of systems
Tool used: Paramarine
Very high level model but can monitor usual naval architecture
criteria (LCG, VCG, GM, Floodable Length)
Naval Architecture Model
Paramarine
Distributed System Model
Simulink
Distributed System Model
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Propulsion
Radar
Pulsed Weapon
Load Centers in each zone
Energy Storage
Electrical Loads
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Zonal Distribution
Ring Bus (initially)
Load Centers modeled as
lump parameters
Switches included for
isolation
Distribution
System
Distributed System Model

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Center and radius
Anything within radius is destroyed
T
Trace
systems back
b k to first
fi undamaged
d
d isolation
i l i
point
Damage Model
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Notional Ship
Survivability Metric
Overall Architectural Model
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At least 1 PGM per zone (except 1 – ESM?)
6 vertical zones

80MW P
Propulsion
li
 37MW Estimated future electric loading
Began with a balanced low
low--level Frigate design
Initial power requirements
Paramarine Design
Zonal and Machinery Layout
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Podded propulsion
PMM placement
l
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Diesels would give more flexibility
 Moving the bridge location
 Restricting Helo operations
Gas turbine exhaust
exhaust, fore and aft
Design Challenges/Possible
Solutions
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Survive the damage
C ti
Continue
to
t operate
t
Perform its mission
Electrical Power
Chill water
Seawater
V il i
Ventilation
Changes in fidelity of analysis by altering level of system
detail
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Can be applied to:
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Manageable
g
scope
p - useful in earlyy stage
g design
g
Prioritizing loads:
Survivability Metric
PGMs and required auxiliaries
Fire fighting, dewatering, IC
4kt propulsion
l i andd steering
t i system
t
Sufficient sensors and weapons
All excomms
Lights, RAST, boat davits

Min Radar, weapon, ship control
sys
7. Increase Speed to 10 knots
8. Basic Offense
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6. Helo and Boat Recovery
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5. Exterior Communications
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4. Self Defense
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3. Basic Mobility
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2. Damage Control
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1. Power Generation
All flight equipment incl. refueling
Medium Radar, addl weapons
Compressors, RO units, etc.
Full Radar, hihi-energy weapon
Laundry, Galley, heat, etc.
16. Increase to Maximum Speed
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14. Increase Speed to 25 knots
15. All nonnon-vital loads
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13. Full Offense
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11. Increase Speed to 20 knots
12 Miscellaneous
12.
Mi ll
Mechanical
M h i l systems
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10. Increased Offense
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9. Full Flight Operations
Electric Load Priorityy
Ship likely to be lost with the loss of over 25% embarked personnel
Ship likely to be lost with the loss 25% or under embarked personnel
Does not meet Power Generation and Damage Control - Ship's status is likely to
continue to degrade
Meets Power Generation and Damage Control- Ship is able to combat existing
damage but is vulnerable to further threats.
M
Meets
B
Basic
i M
Mobility
bili and
d SSelf
lf D
Defense
f
- Is
I able
bl to sustain
i iitself
lf against
i the
h enemy.
Meets Exterior Communications and Helicopter and Boat Recovery - Basic
functionality without offense.
Meets Increased Speed, Basic Offense - Can perform at least one primary mission
Meets Full Flight Operations and Increased Offense - Can perform most or all
primary missions
Meets Increased Speed, Mechanical Services and Full Offense - As far as a military
asset, unaffected
Complete
p
functionality - all loads are filled
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
Proposed Survivability Tiers
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SeaRAM OR sensor AND decoy system
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Self Defense AND Basic Mobility AND Tier D - implies
previous Tiers
Example
p to meet Tier E:

E
Example
pl tto meett Self
S lf Defense:
D f
Highest tier achieved while also meeting lower
tier requirements
To meet the tier requirements the Boolean
statement must be satisfied
Survivability Calculation – First Metric
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Total load value of all system loads that can be
serviced
Uses surviving Generators and loads along with
surviving connectivity to return a weighted score
Survivability Calculation – Second Metric
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full operation
 large PGMs isolated
 zones isolated
 zone 4 damaged
Four examples

Dijkstra’s algorithm
 linear programming
Calculation process
Survivability Metric Calculation
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calculates the lowest weight
g path
p
from a single node to each other node
in a directed
directed, weighted graph
Dijkstra’ss Algorithm
Dijkstra

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totall power supplied
li d b
by a generator ≤ the
h capacity
i off
the generator,
 the total power supplied to a load ≤ the size of the
load,
ag
generator onlyy supplies
pp power
p
to a load for which
connectivity exists between the generator and the
load.
find the maximum of f * x
where
h fi is
i the
th weight/priority
i ht/p i it off filli
filling load
l d xi
subject to linear constraints such that
Linear Programming
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Z lL
Zonal
Loadd
Centers
Propulsion
p
Radar
Pulsed Weapon
Ring Bus with ZEDS
Loads
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Survivability Tier J: Complete functionality - all
loads are filled
S i bilit Score
Survivability
S
= 100%
Full Operation
1
POWER GENE
100
DC
100
BASIC MOBILITY
-SELF DEFENSE
100
EXCOMM
-HELO/BOAT
-10 KTS
-BASIC OFFENSE
100
FULL FLIGHT OPS -INCR OFFENCE
100
20 KTS
-MISC MECH
100
FULL OFFENSE
-25 KTS
-NONNON
-VITAL
100
MAX SPEED
--
2
100
100
-100
100
--100
---100
--100
--
3
100
100
100
100
100
--100
-100
-100
--100
--
4
100
100
-100
---100
-100
-100
--100
--
5
100
100
-----100
--100
100
100
-100
--
6
PULSE
100
-100
-100
-100
---100
---100
-100
-----100
-100
100
--100
----
Full Operation
STBD
RADAR PMM
-----100
-------100
100
---100
--100
--100
--100
---100
PORT
PMM
--100
-------100
--100
-100
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Survivability Tier I: Meets Increased Speed,
Speed
Mechanical Services and Full Offense - As far as
a military asset,
asset unaffected
Survivability Score = 92%
Large PGMs Isolated
1
POWER GENE
100
DC
100
BASIC MOBILITY
-SELF DEFENSE
100
EXCOMM
-HELO/BOAT
-10 KTS
-BASIC OFFENSE
100
FULL FLIGHT OPS -INCR OFFENCE
100
20 KTS
-MISC MECH
100
FULL OFFENSE
-25 KTS
-NONNON
-VITAL
0
MAX SPEED
--
2
100
100
-100
100
--100
---100
--0
--
3
100
100
100
100
100
--100
-100
-100
--0
--
4
100
100
-100
---100
-100
-100
--0
--
5
100
100
-----100
--100
100
75
-0
--
6 PULSE
100
-100
-100
-100
---100
---100
-100
-----100
-75
93
--0
----
STBD
RADAR PMM
-----100
-------100
100
---100
--100
--72
--0
---0
Large PGMs Isolated
PORT
PMM
--100
-------100
--0
-0
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Survivability Tier H: Meets Full Flight
Operations and Increased Offense - Can
perform most or all primary missions
Survivabilityy Score = 73%
Zones Isolated
POWER GENE
DC
BASIC MOBILITY
SELF DEFENSE
EXCOMM
HELO/BOAT
10 KTS
BASIC OFFENSE
FULL FLIGHT OPS
INCR OFFENCE
20 KTS
MISC MECH
FULL OFFENSE
25 KTS
NONNON
-VITAL
MAX SPEED
0
0
-0
---0
-0
-0
--0
--
1
2
100
100
-100
100
--100
---100
--100
--
3
100
100
100
100
100
--100
-100
-100
--100
--
4
100
100
-100
---100
-100
-100
--100
--
5
100
100
-----100
--100
100
100
-100
--
6
100
100
100
100
-100
-100
100
--100
100
-100
--
PULSE
------------0
----
Zones Isolated
STBD
RADAR PMM
-----100
-------100
100
---100
--100
--100
--100
---35
PORT
PMM
--100
-------100
--100
-81


Survivability Tier I: Meets Increased Speed,
Mechanical Services and Full Offense - As far as
a military asset, unaffected
Survivabilityy Score = 94%
Zone 4 Damaged
1
POWER GENE
100
DC
100
BASIC MOBILITY
-SELF DEFENSE
100
EXCOMM
-HELO/BOAT
-10 KTS
-BASIC OFFENSE
100
FULL FLIGHT OPS -INCR OFFENCE
100
20 KTS
-MISC MECH
100
FULL OFFENSE
-25 KTS
-NONNON
-VITAL
100
MAX SPEED
--
2
100
100
-100
100
--100
---100
--100
--
3
100
100
100
100
100
--100
-100
-100
--100
--
4
0
0
-0
---0
-0
-0
--0
--
5
100
100
-----100
--100
100
100
-100
--
6
PULSE
100
-100
-100
-100
---100
---100
-100
-----100
-100
100
--100
----
Zone 4 Damaged
STBD
RADAR PMM
-----100
-------100
100
---100
--100
--100
--100
---28
PORT
PMM
--100
-------100
--100
-100
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Survivabilityy Tiers
 Survivability Score
Two--fold Survivability Metric
Two

Notional Ship
 Distribution System
y
 Damage Model
 Metrics
Overall Architectural Model
Summary
Backup Slide
Ship likely to be lost with the loss of over 25% embarked personnel
Ship likely to be lost with the loss 25% or under embarked personnel
Does not meet Power Generation and Damage Control - Ship
Ship's
s status is likely to continue to degrade
Meets Power Generation and Damage Control- Ship is able to combat existing damage but is vulnerable to
further threats.
Minimum requirements: one operational generator with associated auxiliaries, two firepumps.
Meets Basic Mobility and Self Defense - Is able to sustain itself against the enemy.
Minimum requirements: achieve 4 knots with steering, one self-defense system (either a CIWS/SeaRAM or a
sensor and associated missile decoy system).
Meets Exterior Communications and Helicopter and Boat Recovery - Basic functionality without offense.
Minimum requirements: one operational mode of exterior communications, close-in radar, able to recover
helicopter and boat.
Meets Increased Speed and Basic Offense - Can perform at least one primary mission
Minimum requirements: operate at 10 knots, perform one primary mission.
Meets Full Flight Operations and Increased Offense - Can perform most or all primary missions
Minimum requirements: flight operations, two primary missions
Meets Increased Speed, Mechanical Services and Full Offense - As far as a military asset, unaffected
Minimum requirements: power to all loads at this level and below
Complete functionality - all loads are fulfilled
Minimum requirements: fulfill all loads, including non-vital loads
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
Proposed Survivability Tiers