WSDP: MODULE 3 10. Financial Profile 10.1 Capital Funding TOPIC 10: FINANCIAL PROFILE 10.1.1 Capital Income for Water and Sanitation The CoCT is faced with the challenge of continuing to deliver a high level of service to its citizens with ever increasing cost to produce a reliable source of clean water. These increased cost related to capital project cost as well as operation and maintenance costs. The impact of the rapid increase in the cost of electricity will be particular significant in the increased cost of maintaining Blue and Green Drop Certification. All internal policies, procedures and monitoring systems are in place to ensure that financial risks are limited. There has been a huge investment in the SAP electronic system to improve planning, monitoring, revenue collection, asset management and financial risk management. Table 1: Future Sources of Capital Budget for the Water and Sanitation Services Funder USDG 2011/12 Budget 234.0 2013/14 2012/13 206.0 169.4 CMIP DWA AFF (now CRR) 33.0 32.6 36.0 BICL (now CRR - DC) 13.3 4.5 3.1 648.7 801.2 1153.4 16.0 12.0 12.0 944.9 1056.3 1373.9 EFF Other TOTAL 3.67 10.1.1.1 Future trends and goals (capital budget) The future budget is expected to grow R 1373.9 Million. Table 2: Projected Capital Budget of Water and Sanitation Services 2013/14 (Budget) 2014/15 2015/16 Area (R'million) 98.4 190.2 241.2 396.6 316.1 361.6 188.1 205.3 316.6 57.6 54.0 54.0 65.2 34.7 34.3 22.0 23.0 23.0 90.0 147.0 222.2 6.0 5.0 6.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 5.5 4.0 4.0 15.5 76.1 109.0 944.9 1056.3 1373.9 Bulk Water Reticulation Wastewater Treatment Water Demand management EAMS Informal Settlements Meter Replacement Information Technology Technical Operation Centre Master planning Other TOTAL Source: Water and Sanitation – Capital Projects Investment in reticulation, wastewater treatment and bulk water infrastructure is still expected to dominate Water and Sanitation’s budget going forward – at levels of 72.3% and 67.4% in 2013/14 and 2014/15 respectively. This increase in bulk is as a result of the growth of the city, increased development and densification within the urban edge. The high expenditure on reticulation can be seen as a strategic need for pipe refurbishment and pipe replacement. However, the budget has provision have increase since the 2012/13 budget review (within the 2011/12 financial year). The revised projected budget has increased by 10% in the 2013/14 financial (previous projection was R 859.0 million) 10.1.1.2 Capital expenditure (budget): water See Module 2 Topic 10 10.1.1.3 Capital expenditure (budget): sanitation See Module 2 Topic 10 3.68 10.1.1.4 Implementation strategies (capital funds) Optimisation of Grant funding Increasing the CRR via income and expenditure interventions to make provision for future infrastructure. The strategic motivation for the split in capital expenditure was determined through a budget prioritisation process that was determined by the Water and Sanitation Master Plan, The Bulk Water, Bulk Waste Water, Reticulation and Water Demand section priorities. 10.2 Operating cost and income 10.2.1 Situation assessment (operating costs and income) A steady increase in operating costs is expected into the future. As pipe refurbishment and pipe replacement programme develops the maintenance cost should come down. 10.2.2 Operating income: tariff The income from service charge of water supply and sanitation services is expected to be more than 10%. Table 3: The Projected Income of Water and Sanitation Services (R'000) Service charges * Finance income * Government grants (Operating) * Government grants (Capital) * Other 2012/13 3 287 343 200 000 197 200 138 721 2013/14 3 702 700 211 200 239 000 27 143 2014/15 4 023 813 221 760 206 000 150 396 Add: Inter-Departmental Charges 3 823 264 1 664 491 4 180 042 1 885 238 4 601 969 1 903 063 5 487 755 6 065 281 6 505 032 Source: Water and Sanitation; MTREF 10.2.3 Future trends and goals (operating cost and income) 10.2.3.1 Operating costs: water and sanitation The operating budget for water sanitation supply services is just above 10.5% in 2012/13. The escalation rate per annum is not expected to be more than 12%, thereafter. 3.69 Table 4: Projected Operating Costs of Water and Sanitation Services (R'000) Puchase of bulk water* Production costs (raw water + treatment system) Operating costs Salaries and wages Maintenance and repairs Depreciation Finance charges Other 2012/13 334 673 1 044 406 279 467 287 269 1 962 448 2013/14 391 911 1 139 521 299 030 317 975 2 231 219 2014/15 393 631 1 235 131 365 301 327 170 2 350 467 Total costs Add: Inter-Departmental Charges 3 908 263 1 604 301 4 379 656 1 712 616 4 671 700 1 833 332 TOTAL COSTS 5 512 564 6 092 272 6 505 032 Source: Water and Sanitation; MTREF 10.2.3.2 Operating Income: Tariff The income from service charge of water supply and sanitation services is expected to be more than 10%. See Table 3. 3.70 10.2.3.3 Strategic gap analysis (operating cost and income) 10.2.3.3.1 Capital budget: The high requirement for necessary infrastructure is driven largely by growth and economic development as well as the refurbishment of current infrastructure which places severe pressure on the City’s Capital Budget. 10.2.3.3.2 Operating budget: It is difficult to reach optimum levels of staff, maintain acceptable levels of infrastructure maintenance and carry the impact of the capital programme within the financial constraints during difficult economic conditions. 10.2.3.3.3 Implementation strategies (operating cost and income) To achieve the required Capital Budget, it is necessary to maximise the use of Grant funding and to make optimal use of the Capital Replacement Reserve (CRR) within the financial constraints. The pressure on the operating budget needs to be addressed via above-inflation tariff increases and initiatives to ensure that money due to the City is collected. There is a benefit envisaged from metering efficiency gains and data purification exercises. General strategies: Making adequate provision for the poor by maintaining a stepped tariff crosssubsidising the shortfall in the free basic service. Further relief to the poor via assistance to indigent customers. Investigation and debate into the use of Prepayment meters. Escalated focus on the collection of debt by increasing the capacity. Escalated focus on revenue protection and metering efficiency. Ensuring that adequate cash reserves are maintained to cover legislated funds. 3.71 10.3. Tariff and charges 10.3.1. Future trends and goals (tariff and charges) Table 5: Proposed Tariffs for Water Services Consumption (10%) TARIFFS 2012/13 Domestic Full 0 ≤ 6 kl Water that is used predominantly for domestic > 6 ≤ 10.5 kl purposes and supplied to single residential properties. > 10.5 ≤ 20 kl > 20 ≤ 35 kl > 35 ≤ 50 kl > 50 kl Domestic Cluster – Bulk metered flats, cluster developments including single title and sectional title units. An allowance of 6 Kl per unit per month at zero cost upon submission of affidavits stating the number of units. 0 ≤ 6 kl > 6 ≤ 20 kl > 20 kl R 0.00 R 5.83 R 10.60 R 15.70 R 19.40 R 25.58 R 0.00 R 9.07 R 17.55 Source: Water and Sanitation Billing. Table 6: Proposed Tariffs for Sanitation Services TARIFFS 2012/13 Domestic Full - Single residential properties. 0 < 4.2kl >4.2 < 7.35kl 70% of water consumption to a maximum of 35 kl >7.35 < 14kl of sewage per month (70% of 50 kl water equals 35 kl of sewage) >14<24.5kl >24.5< 35kl Domestic Cluster - Bulk metered flats, cluster developments. Including sectional and single title units. 0 < 4.2kl >4.2<14kl >14< 35kl R 0.00 R 5.81 R 12.38 R 13.53 R14.21 R0.00 R 9.05 R15.04 Source: Water and Sanitation Billing. 10.3.2 Implementation strategies (tariff and charges) Implementation Strategies are outlined below: Request to increase the tariffs in line with MTREF modeling to meet increasing requirements. Monitor reduction in consumption and income and adjust tariffs accordingly. 3.72 The tariffs are modelled every year and changes in consumption patterns are factored into the annual adjustments. Increasing expenditure will require increasing tariffs. As the pattern of usage changes the block tariff structure changes, with an increased savings there is a need structure tariffs so as not to penalize those who are saving. There will be on-going analysis of the changing water consumption and wastewater discharge patterns to ensure that income will be sufficient. As the city grows and the extent of the infrastructure grows maintenance cost increases. It is therefore expected that tariff increases could be expected to be higher than inflation. There is also increased need to focus on large users and poor payers. The rollout of the demand management devise will help to resolve the situation of those constantly in arrears. Over the period income from user charges are projected to increase. This assumes a city growth of 1.0% per annum (of revenue generating sales), annual increase in water demand (low water demand curve), an inflation rate of 5.6% and that the 10% restriction will continue for the next 5 years. The reduction in revenue generating demand as a result of the WC&DM Strategy will result in higher increases in the average tariff although not a high average cost to the consumer. In other words the projected income from the user charges will remain the same but because of the lower water consumption the average tariff will increase. 3.73 10.4 Free Basic Water 10.4.1 Free Basic Water Policy The first 6 kilolitres of water supplied to all residential dwellings in the municipal area and the first 4.2 kilolitres of sewage removed from all residential dwellings in the municipal area is free. Fixed charges do not apply to dwellings occupied by domestic households. A R42 Indigent Grant is applicable to the water and sanitation tariff for qualifying households. The net result is that an Indigent household can consume an additional 4.5kl water per month and can discharge an additional 3.15 kilolitres wastewater per month (with sewerage disposal 70% of water consumption) without attracting any charges. 10.4.2 Subsidy Target for Free Basic Water No changes in providing free water are planned. The number of basic service protests happening around the country at the moment will make it difficult to change this in the near future 10.4.3 Subsidy Target for Free Basic Sanitation As in the case of water no changes in providing free sanitation is planned. 10.4.4 The Need to Address Extensive Leaks Although provision of free basic water and sanitation is in place as well as an additional allowance for indigent households there will be a constant monitoring of the quality of plumbing being provided in low cost housing developments. Failure to check for leaks will lead to high water consumption and high sewer flows. 3.74 10.5 Future trends and goals (charges and block tariffs) 10.5.1 Fixed charges and block tariffs: industrial for water Table 7: Proposed Tariff Commercial and Industrial Water TARIFFS 2012/ 2013 Commercial – Water supplied to premises predominantly of a commercial nature Industrial - Water which is used in manufacturing, generating electricity, landbased transport, construction or any related purpose. R 11.42 R 11.42 Source: Water and Sanitation Billing. Above inflation increases can be expected in line with the average tariff. 10.5.2. Fixed charges and block tariffs: industrial for sanitation Table 9 inflation increases for tariffs can be expected in line with the average tariff increases. 10.5.3. Fixed charges and block tariffs: commercial for water No changes to the structure are planned for the future. Table 8: Proposed Tariff Commercial and Industrial Sanitation TARIFFS 2012/ 2013 Industrial and Commercial - Schools, hospitals, Government: National / Provincial and any other – 95% of water consumption (* see note) R 8.78 Source: Water and Sanitation Billing. Above inflation increases can be expected in line with the average tariff. 10.6 Sales arrangements The billing system is integrated with the SAP computer software. The Water and Sanitation account is sent monthly with the rates and other services accounts. The City is divided into 20 billing / meter reading areas. Bills are sent out daily in order to cover the whole city in one month. Payment for municipal accounts can be easily made at any municipal office, through third party payments (supermarkets, etc.) and electronic funds transfers (EFTs) or stop orders through banks. 3.75 Table 9: Future trends and goals (income and sales) Rands (R’000) Total income (billed income and subsidies) Total expenditure Surplus/(deficit) 2012/13 5 487 755 5 512 564 2013/14 6 065 281 6 092 272 2014/15 6 505 032 6 505 032 (24 809) (26 991) 0 Source: Water and Sanitation Billing. This assumes a city growth of 1.0% per annum (of revenue generating sales), a 2% annual increase in water demand (low water demand curve), an inflation rate of 5.6% and that the 10% restriction will continue for the foreseeable future. 10.6.1. Implementation strategies (income and sales) The focus of the leaks project is to assist such indigent households. These households are also encouraged to make arrangements (reasonable terms) with Council on arrears in order to get the current accounts paid. Internal teams appointed to increase debt management actions. Programme in place to regularly update these properties and to ensure inclusion in future debt processes. Programme to standardise the meters in the long term. Reports are being put in place to identify tampered meters and take corrective action. 10.7 Metering, Billing and Income It is important for the CoCT that the bulk meters are read regularly and that bulk meters and meter chamber are maintained and inspected regularly for vandalism. There appears to be a high incidence of vandalism in industrial areas where there is also a concentration of a large number of large meters. The city has conducted a pilot on the use of AMR in an industrial area which proved relatively successful. There is an in principle decisions to install AMR in areas of good concentration of high consumption users. Meter reading is also contracted out in large areas of the city The city has by- laws in place to limit financial loss due to none payment and has an active credit control and debt collection policy. 3.76 The following strategies will be implemented: Increase number meter reading contracts. Focus of problematic meters hidden by building rubble or built over. Invest in a programme to systematically move meters to the outside of the properties Put a programme in place to identify zero consumption meters as well as "low reads" as part of meter replacement programme. On-going program to clean up customer data, this is particular important if there is a change in the use of billing software. Incorporate the loading of meters into the process and ensure that Developer is billed in the interim period. Table 10 represents the objectives and outcomes, in order to achieve financial viability, aligned to the IDP Strategic Focus Areas. 3.77 Table 10: Financial Viability (Strategic Intention) IDP SFA IDP OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES MAJOR OBJECTIVES INTERVENTIONS Increase number of to debt action Decentralise teams to areas Increase WMD (alternative technology) installation rate (a) Ensure a transparent and corruption-free government Correct settings of WMD A WellRun City Revenue Collection ratio to be 95% by June 2015 (b) Establish an efficient and productive administration that prioritises delivery OUTCOME Improve cash position and liquidity Operational Efficiency Reduction of Debt book and address Water Conservation Reduction of Debt book and address Water Conservation RESPONSIBLE F&C F&C Reticulation Reticulation Timely write-off of Debt Communication of previous debt write-off to communities in liaison with Corporate Finance Operational process of WMD no water complaints to be refined (e.g. TOC / WMD on system) Reduction of Debt book F&C To improve payment from customers F&C / Corporate Operational Efficiency Reticulation Focus on Top Debtors Reduction of Debt book F&C Reduction of Debt book Reticulation Reduction of Debt book F&C / Corporate Implementation of prepayment meters subject to decision taken via pilot project Redefine indigent category and measures to address debt (soft and punitive) 3.78 IDP SFA IDP Outcomes/Objectives MAJOR OBJECTIVES (a) Ensure a transparent and corruption-free government National Intervention Debt Managementimproving willingness to pay A WellRun City (b) Establish an efficient and productive administration that prioritises delivery Reduce bad debts by 50% by June 2014 IDP SFA IDP OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES INTERVENTIONS MAJOR OBJECTIVES OUTCOME To create civic awareness re willing to pay and to ensure inter-governmental Buy-in RESPONSIBLE Mayco member / ED / Director Link "willingness to pay" communication with water campaign with emphasis to new generation (Schools / Children) Creating awareness of need to pay WDM Incentives Creating awareness of need to pay WDM / Corporate Refer Collection Ratio Refer Collection Ratio Refer Collection Ratio INTERVENTIONS INDICATOR OUTCOME RESPONSIBLE 3.79 Accessibility: Movement of meters to outside of property Accessibility: Phone-in readings, Internet Portal e-services as interim measure till meter is moved; Accessibility: Consider Flat Rate for certain areas with option to have meter read (a) Ensure a transparent and corruption-free government Accessibility: Raise and box meters Accessibility; Replacement with additional meter without removing old meter Meter reading estimations per month to be ≤3% by June 2013 A WellRun City (b) Establish an efficient and productive administration that prioritises delivery Accessibility: Implement AMR in problematic areas Data: Improvement in Processes when meters are changed and not updated due to insufficient information Data: Dedicated teams to address control readings Data: New handhelds and meter reading equipment with additional camera facilities Data: Meter Reading performance sheet to performing comparison Faulty Meters: Ceased meter replacement programme Faulty Meters: Service orders for skew / broken / broken glass, etc. 200 Per month Decrease Estimations Reticulation Considered interim measure (ongoing) Decrease Estimations F&C June 2013 Decrease Estimations F&C in consultation with Political / Civic To be determined To be determined Improve readability and protect meters Improve readability and reduce estimations F&C Reticulation In line with Smart metering process Decrease Estimations Reticulation subject to legality on remote readings To be determined Decrease Estimations F&C / Reticulation To be determined Decrease Estimations F&C October 2012 Decrease Estimations, control readings and fix locality F&C Comparison with fellow employees Determine meter reader performance F&C 300 Per month Decrease Estimations Reticulation 455 Per month Decrease Estimations Reticulation Contractors 3.80 IDP SFA IDP OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES MAJOR OBJECTIVES (a) Ensure a transparent and corruption-free government All consumers are metered by June 2014 INTERVENTIONS (b) Establish an efficient and productive administration that prioritises delivery % of valid applications for water meters at any one time to be < 1% of total meters by June 13 OUTCOME RESPONSIBLE Standardisation of New Connection Processes in all areas December 2012 Ensure verification of application and payment before installation Reticulation / F&C Service Level Agreement with Housing re New Connections June 2013 Ensure verification of application and payment before installation WDM / F&C / Reticulation Corporate process to include verification of water meter when building inspections are done Comparisons by December 2012 Ensure verification of application and payment before installation WDM Bus Dev / Planning Dept Sufficient capacity for administrative verification processes June 2013 Ensure verification of application and payment before installation WDM / F&C / Reticulation No unbilled customers WDM / F&C No unbilled customers F&C No straight connections Reticulation June 2013 No unbilled customers F&C / Reticulation June 2014 Identify problem area to focus WDM / Reticulation December 2012 Verification of application and payment before installation Reticulation / F&C Service Level Agreement with Housing by June 2013 by WDM Business Development June 2013 (As above) Ensure verification of application and payment before installation (as above) WDM / F&C / Reticulation (as above) Proper administrative verification processes and capacity to implement No valid application longer than 1 month (unless specifically requested) Timeous implementation of applications Reticulation GIS Overlay Comparisons A Well-Run City INDICATOR Identification / Comparison of "improvement valuation" without meter Validation of meter replacement process (Specifically after hours) Dedicated teams to focus on unbilled consumers Zone balancing by WDM and Reticulation to identify problematic areas by June 2014 Standardisation of New Connection Processes in all areas to ensure verification of application and payment before installation by December 2012by Reticulation and F&C Comparisons by December 2012 Comparisons by December 2012 Process by December 2012 3.81 IDP SFA IDP OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES MAJOR OBJECTIVES INTERVENTIONS Real Losses: Leak Repairs, Pressure management, Pipe replacement Real Losses: Leak detection on bulk infrastructure Real Losses: Reduction in response times via implementation of First level response (a) Ensure a transparent and corruption-free government Real Losses: Valve maintenance Real Losses: Recharge of the system procedure after bursts to prevent consequential bursts Perceived Losses: Meter Inaccuracies meter replacement programme Reduction in Non Revenue Water < 15% A Well-Run City (b) Establish an efficient and productive administration that prioritises delivery INDICATOR OUTCOME RESPONSIBLE Per WDM Strategy Reduction of water loss WDM / F&C / Reticulation Per WDM Strategy Reduction of water loss WDM / BW Response times less than ??? Hours Reduction of water loss Reticulation Maintenance per ??? Months Reduction of water loss Reticulation Standardise system procedure by ??? Reduction of water loss Reticulation Refer above Reduction of water loss Reticulation Reduction of water loss / and Revenue Enhancements Reduction of water loss / and Revenue Enhancements Perceived Losses: Age analysis with high volumes To be determined Perceived Losses: Appropriate meter technology for specific purpose Reference document Perceived Losses: Specific projects identified for implementation Municipal Buildings and Schools projects to be finalised by 30 June 2013 Reduction of perceived losses Reticulation June 2013 Reduction of perceived losses BW (Refer not all customers metered) Reduction of perceived losses Reticulation Subject to current investigation Reduction of perceived losses Reticulation Tampering cases per month / Pending corporate system changes Reduction of perceived losses F&C / Reticulation / Corporate Initiate specific projects by June 2013 Reduction of perceived losses F&C / Reticulation / Corporate Perceived Losses: Bulk Supply Meter Audit Perceived - Avoidable: Not all customers metered (including straight connections) Perceived - Avoidable: Measuring of informal settlements Perceived - Avoidable: Unauthorised use and tampering via tampering report and corporate comparative exercise on possible under measuring based on EL usage Other: Fire hydrants, Mobile internal standpipes (e.g. Roads), External Standpipes Reticulation Reticulation 3.82 IDP SFA IDP OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES (a) Ensure a transparent and corruption-free government MAJOR OBJECTIVES Revenue Protection and enhancement Grow revenue in real terms (not from tariff increase) by 3% per annum A WellRun City (b) Establish an efficient and productive administration that prioritises delivery Increase revenue base INTERVENTIONS Meter Replacement Programme INDICATOR Refer above OUTCOME To optimise Revenue To optimise Revenue To optimise Revenue RESPONSIBLE Reticulation Oversized meters Refer above Data purification Refer above Large User Focus Establishing of posts / Develop of strategy / Establishing of Forum by June 2013 To optimise Revenue Reticulation Meter Replacement Programme Refer above To increase revenue base Reticulation Refer Getting all customers metered Refer above To increase revenue base WDM / Reticulation / F&C Large User Focus Refer above Alignment of Tariffs (anomalies) June 2014 Waste to Energy exercise Subject to Corporate exercise Water Conveyance Cost for DWA June 2013 Expansion of Treated Effluent Network Per Master Plan Investigate or revisit Green and Brown Field Development Contributions (specifically Brown Field) June 2013 To increase revenue base To increase revenue base To increase revenue base To generate additional Revenue To generate additional Revenue (may have negative impact) To generate additional Revenue Reticulation Reticulation Reticulation F&C Reticulation / WW BW WDM / WW F&C / Reticulation 3.83 IDP SFA IDP OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES MAJOR OBJECTIVES INTERVENTIONS Determine the level of risk for full cost recovery (a) Ensure a transparent and corruption-free government Ensuring full cost recovery and acceptability of the tariffs by the consumers Determination of CRR levels by F&C by June 2013 Benchmarking cost of water with other metros or products by F&C and WDM by December 2012 Communications / Branding / Marketing / Education shortage of water and understand billing Continued Service delivery A WellRun City Effective Asset management by all Operational Branches Asset Life Cycle Management (b) Establish an efficient and productive administration that prioritises delivery Improve solvency ratio (total assets: total liabilities) by 40% by 2017/18 Co-ordination of obtaining new infrastructure Transfer of Skills by Asset Management Group Timeous capitalisation of assets OUTCOME INDICATOR RESPONSIBLE June 2013 To ensure Full cost recovery F&C / Executive June 2013 To ensure Full cost recovery for future infrastructure F&C June 2013 To ensure acceptability of tariffs F&C / WDM June 2013 To ensure acceptability of tariffs WDM / F&C To ensure acceptability of tariffs All Per Service Charter Refer Asset Management Group Refer Asset Management Group Refer Asset Management Group Refer Asset Management Group All projects to be capitalised within one months of completion (including portions where applicable) To improve solvency ratio `` To improve solvency ratio To improve solvency ratio To improve solvency ratio All Project managers 3.84 IDP SFA IDP OUTCOMES/OBJECTIVES MAJOR OBJECTIVES (a) Ensure a transparent and corruption-free government Reduce running costs (water and wastewater) as a function of authorised cosumption by 5% per annum by 2014 / Cost reduction focus areas A WellRun City (b) Establish an efficient and productive administration that prioritises delivery OUTCOME To ensure operational efficiency To ensure operational efficiency and reduce overtime To ensure operational efficiency and reduce R&M To ensure operational efficiency To ensure operational efficiency / Reduction of Electricity Costs To ensure operational efficiency To ensure operational efficiency RESPONSIBLE WDM Bus Dev with all branches June 2012 To reduce operating costs Operational Branches Monthly Reports / Yearly reports To reduce operating costs EAM / Affected branches Stormwater Ingress Per Current intervention Appropriate technology for Informal Settlements December 2014 To reduce operating costs To reduce operating costs INTERVENTIONS INDICATOR Work study to perform resource loading To be determined Staggered start and Shift system by Reticulation per current LLF intervention Per Current intervention Proper asset management Per Current intervention Appropriate new technology with proven pay-back To be determined Waste to Energy technology Subject to Corporate exercise Reduction of sludge removal by Wastewater To be determined Standardise efficient operating procedures To be determined Challenging security tariffs by Operational Branches Effective Vehicle monitoring (Condition + Utilisation) Mainly Reticulation All All Reticulation / WW WW Operational Branches Reticulation Reticulation 3.85