UN Millennium Development
Goals
Target date: 2015
(20-year set of goals set in 1995)
1. Eradicate extreme poverty
and hunger
• Target for 2015: Halve the
proportion of people living on
less than a dollar a day and
those who suffer from hunger.
http://www.christmaslistexpress.com/images/hungry_children.jpg
– More than a billion people live on
less than $1.25 a day
– 800 million people do not have
enough food to meet their energy
needs
– ¼ of children under 5 in the
developing world are malnourished
• Nearly 100 million children
Poverty Target met in 2010
http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2011/01_global_poverty_chandy/01_global_poverty_chandy.pdf
Undernourishment
2. Achieve universal primary
education
• Target for 2015:
Ensure that all boys
and girls complete
primary school.
India classroom
http://blog.craigdossantos.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/india-education.jpg
– 58 million children do
not attend school, but
the target is within
reach.
Children out of school
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
Global Literacy
3. Promote gender equality and
empower women
• Target for 2015: Eliminate
gender disparities in
primary and secondary
education
– Two-thirds of illiterates are
women
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
Gender inequality in education
(Girls behind in secondary education)
Malala Yousafzai
• Advocate for girls’ education
• Shot by the Taliban 2012
• Winner Nobel Peace Prize 2014
Gender inequality in employment
• The rate of
employment among
women is two-thirds
that of men.
• Percentage of women
in part time work is
double that of men
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
http://www1.fao.org/media_thumbs/Photos/1997/Feb1997/Thumbs_384/19480.jpg
Gender inequality in government
• The proportion of seats in
parliaments held by
women is increasing
– 22% worldwide
– 30% in 46 countries
http://www.smolec.pl/kobiety/foto/diogo.jpg
Luisa Dias Diogo, Prime
Minister of Mozambique
4. Reduce child mortality
• Target for 2015: Reduce by
two thirds the mortality rate
among children under five
– Target has not been met
– Every year nearly 6 million young
children die before their fifth
birthday
• that number is down from 15
million per year in 1980.
• 4 out of 5 deaths are from Sub
Saharan Africa and South Asia
– 14 million children saved by
measles vaccine since 2000.
http://www.stolenchildhood.net/images/hiv_aids_affected_children.jpg
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/a0200e/a0199e.pdf
5. Improve maternal health
• Target for 2015: Reduce
by three-quarters the
ratio of women dying in
childbirth.
– In the developing world, the
risk of dying in childbirth is
one in 48
• But virtually all countries
now have safe motherhood
programs.
Nurse-midwife trainees, India
http://www.un.org/Pubs/chronicle/images/0407p65_1.jpg
– U.S. risk of dying in
childbirth is one in 10,000
Maternal Mortality
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/a0200e/a01
99e.pdf
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/a0200e/a0199e.pdf
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria
and other diseases
• Target for 2015: Halt
and begin to reverse the
spread of HIV/AIDS
• and the incidence of
malaria and other major
diseases.
– Forty million people are
living with HIV
– AIDS is the leading cause
of premature death in SubSaharan Africa
http://www.printdistortion.com/images/sick_man.jpg
People living with HIV AIDS
HIV AIDS in Africa
• 23 Million Africans
have HIV AIDS
– 2/3 of worldwide AIDS
• 1.2 million deaths/year
• 15 million AIDS
orphans
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Africa_HIV-AIDS_300px.png
AIDS Deaths Declining
AIDS Treatment
Malaria
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
http://www.worldvision.org/resources.nsf/main/enews-200804/$file/enews-world-malaria-day-2-200804.jpg
Mosquito netting:
effective & inexpensive
AIDS, Malaria and Hunger
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/a0200e/a0199e.pdf
HIV Education
• Some countries have
shown that the
spread of HIV can
be stemmed.
–
–
–
–
Uganda billboard
http://cnx.org/content/m13459/latest/aidsisreal.jpg
Brazil
Senegal
Thailand
Uganda
7. Ensure environmental
sustainability
• Targets:
– Integrate the principles
of sustainable
development into
country policies and
programs
– Reverse the loss of
environmental
resources.
Reforestation project, West Africa
http://www.earthrights.net/images/ERI%20JATROPHA%203.jpg
http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/global_soil_degradation
Global Deforestation
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.geography.ndo.co.uk/images/forestloss1.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.geography.ndo.co.uk/fores
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Safe Drinking Water
• Target: by 2015, reduce
by half the proportion of
people without access to
safe drinking water.
– More than one billion people
lack access to safe drinking
water
– During the 1990s, nearly one
billion people gained access
to safe water
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://assets.panda.org/img/106835_3613
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Slum Dwellers
• Target: by 2020 achieve
significant improvement in
the lives of at least 100
million slum dwellers.
New Delhi, India
Number of Urban Slum Dwellers
is Increasing
• Global urban population has
surpassed rural population
– Future increase in world population will
be in urban slums
• There are now 1 billion slum dwellers
– 31% of urban populations worldwide
– 71% of urban populations in SubSaharan Africa
• Global urban population will grow to
6 billion by 2050
– Will be 3.5 billion slum dwellers
http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2007/09/bloom.htm
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
Sanitation
• More than two
billion people lack
sanitation.
– Half the developing
world
– During the 1990’s
nearly one billion
people gained access to
sanitation.
Improving sanitation,
East Africa
http://www.ete.wur.nl/NR/rdonlyres/3F001224-6073-45F2-BE70CC969670EC00/44925/postertobiasbigamboplaatje2.JPG
Sanitation Progress
"I am moved by the fact that a child dies every 2 and a half minutes
from diseases linked to open defecation. Those are silent deaths – not
reported on in the media, not the subject of public debate. Let's not
remain silent any longer"
UN Deputy Secretary-General, Jan Eliasson (May 2014)
8. Develop a global partnership
for development
• Targets:
Uganda Parliament
http://www.nancarrow-webdesk.com/warehouse/storage2/2007-w46/img.74771_t.jpg
– Develop further an
open trading and
financial system
– includes a national and
international
commitment to good
• governance
• development
• poverty reduction
Special Needs
• Address the least
developed countries’
special needs
– Landlocked States
– Small island
developing States
Haiti
http://www.ired.com/pix/news/mkt/haiti.jpg
Youth
Develop decent
and productive
work for youth
Youth job training, S. Africa
http://www.youthportal.org.za/ur/GDP.JPG
Affordable Drugs
• Provide access to
affordable
essential drugs in
developing countries
– In cooperation with
pharmaceutical
companies
http://www.ahcip.org/images/aids_drugs.jpg
Technology
• In cooperation with
the private sector,
make available the
benefits of new
technologies
– Especially information
and communications
technologies.
http://psdblog.worldbank.org/photos/uncategorized/2007/11/16/cell_phone_africa_3.jpg
Mobile Phones and Internet
Internet World Map
http://www.businessinsider.com/this-world-map-shows-every-device-connected-to-the-internet-2014-9
Debt
• Deal comprehensively
with developing
countries’ debt problems
– Many developing countries
spend more on debt service
than on social services.
– Middle income countries
benefit from increased trade
– Poorest countries benefit
more from aid than trade
http://www.gpia.info/files/u10/Cover_with_quotes.jpg
MDG Progress 2014
For 2030
Post-2015
Sustainable Development Goals
• End poverty in all its forms everywhere
• End hunger
– achieve food security and improved nutrition,
– promote sustainable agriculture
• Healthy lives
– Promote wellbeing for all
• Education
– Equitable, inclusive, high-quality
– lifelong learning opportunities
– for all at all ages
Post-2015
Sustainable Development Goals
• Achieve gender equality
– empower women and girls
• Water availability
– sanitation for all
• Energy for all
– affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern
• Economic Growth
– sustained, inclusive and sustainable
– full employment and decent work for all
Post-2015
Sustainable Development Goals
• Build infrastructure
– sustainable industrialization, and innovation
• Reduce inequality within and among
countries
• Cities and human settlements:
– inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
• sustainable consumption and production
patterns
Post-2015
Sustainable Development Goals
• Combat climate change and its impacts
– Requires urgent action
• Protect ecosystems
–
–
–
–
sustainably manage forests
combat desertification
halt biodiversity loss
halt and reverse land degradation,
Post-2015
Sustainable Development Goals
• Peaceful and inclusive societies
– justice for all
– accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
• Global partnerships for sustainable
development
– Revitalize, strengthen
Injustice Tourism