UN Millennium Development
Goals
Target date: 2015
Text adapted from:
United Nations Development Programme: http://www.UNDP.org (2002);
Millennium Development Goals Report 2005: The State of Food Insecurity in the World
(FAO) 2005
UN Millennium Development Goals
http://www.fertilizer.org/var/ifa/storage/images/media/images/images-sustainability/millennium-development-goals/html6/672797-2-eng-GB/Poster-UN-MDGs.png
1. Eradicate extreme poverty
and hunger
• Target for 2015: Halve the
proportion of people living on
less than a dollar a day and
those who suffer from hunger.
– More than a billion people live on
less than $1 a day
– 800 million people do not have
enough food to meet their energy
needs
– ¼ of children under 5 in the
developing world are malnourished
http://www.christmaslistexpress.com/images/hungry_children.jpg
http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Files/rc/papers/2011/01_global_poverty_chandy/01_global_poverty_chandy.pdf
Undernourishment
http://esthertranle.com/wordpress/2010/01/09/uns-millenium-development-report-goal-1/
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/a0200e/a0199e.pdf
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
2. Achieve universal primary
education
• Target for 2015:
Ensure that all boys
and girls complete
primary school.
India classroom
http://blog.craigdossantos.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/12/india-education.jpg
– 115 million children do
not attend school, but
the target is within
reach.
Children out of school
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
Youth Literacy
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGLOMONREP2008/Images/4737993-1207064724905/MDG2-Figure-4-(large).gif
Global Literacy
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/World_literacy_map_UNHD_2007_2008.png/800px-World_literacy_map_UNHD_2007_2008.png
3. Promote gender equality and
empower women
• Target for 2015: Eliminate
gender disparities in
primary and secondary
education
– Two-thirds of illiterates are
women
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
Gender inequality in education
http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/gender_equality_and_empowerment_of_women_education_status
Gender inequality in employment
• The rate of
employment among
women is two-thirds
that of men.
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
http://www1.fao.org/media_thumbs/Photos/1997/Feb1997/Thumbs_384/19480.jpg
Gender inequality in government
• The proportion of seats in
parliaments held by
women is increasing
http://www.smolec.pl/kobiety/foto/diogo.jpg
Luisa Dias Diogo, Prime
Minister of Mozambique
– 16% worldwide
– About one third in
• Argentina
• Mozambique
• South Africa
4. Reduce child mortality
• Target for 2015: Reduce by
two thirds the mortality rate
among children under five
– Every year nearly 11 million
young children die before their
fifth birthday
• Equals 30,000 children a day
• mainly from preventable illnesses
• that number is down from 15
million in 1980.
http://www.stolenchildhood.net/images/hiv_aids_affected_children.jpg
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/a0200e/a0199e.pdf
5. Improve maternal health
• Target for 2015: Reduce
by three-quarters the
ratio of women dying in
childbirth.
– In the developing world, the
risk of dying in childbirth is
one in 48
• But virtually all countries
now have safe motherhood
programs.
Nurse-midwife trainees, India
http://www.un.org/Pubs/chronicle/images/0407p65_1.jpg
– U.S. risk of dying in
childbirth is one in 10,000
Maternal Mortality (2005)
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/a0200e/a01
99e.pdf
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/a0200e/a0199e.pdf
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria
and other diseases
• Target for 2015: Halt
and begin to reverse the
spread of HIV/AIDS
• and the incidence of
malaria and other major
diseases.
– Forty million people are
living with HIV
– AIDS is the leading cause
of premature death in SubSaharan Africa
http://www.printdistortion.com/images/sick_man.jpg
People living with HIV AIDS
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/People_living_with_HIV_AIDS_world_map.PNG/800px-People_living_with_HIV_AIDS_world_map.PNG
HIV AIDS in Africa
• 25 Million Africans
have HIV AIDS
– 2/3 of worldwide AIDS
• 2 million deaths/year
• 12 million AIDS
orphans
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Africa_HIV-AIDS_300px.png
Malaria
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
http://www.worldvision.org/resources.nsf/main/enews-200804/$file/enews-world-malaria-day-2-200804.jpg
Mosquito netting:
effective & inexpensive
AIDS, Malaria and Hunger
ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/a0200e/a0199e.pdf
HIV Education
• Some countries have
shown that the
spread of HIV can
be stemmed.
–
–
–
–
Uganda billboard
http://cnx.org/content/m13459/latest/aidsisreal.jpg
Brazil
Senegal
Thailand
Uganda
7. Ensure environmental
sustainability
• Targets:
– Integrate the principles
of sustainable
development into
country policies and
programs
– Reverse the loss of
environmental
resources.
Reforestation project, West Africa
http://www.earthrights.net/images/ERI%20JATROPHA%203.jpg
http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/global_soil_degradation
Global Deforestation
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.geography.ndo.co.uk/images/forestloss1.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.geography.ndo.co.uk/fores
tloss1.htm&h=513&w=606&sz=24&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=etGrSQBAHa7PdM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=133&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddeforestation%2Bm
ap%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8
Safe Drinking Water
• Target: by 2015, reduce
by half the proportion of
people without access to
safe drinking water.
– More than one billion people
lack access to safe drinking
water
– During the 1990s, nearly one
billion people gained access
to safe water
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://assets.panda.org/img/106835_3613
0.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/freshwater/news/i
ndex.cfm%3FuNewsID%3D11881&h=252&w=166&sz=12&hl=en&start=2&tbni
d=P2ErBGOVbEUYtM:&tbnh=106&tbnw=69&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsafe%2B
drinking%2Bwater%2Bdeveloping%2Bnations%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%2
6lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8
Populations without access to safe
drinking water
http://www.worldwater.org/drinkwat.gif
Slum Dwellers
• Target: by 2020 achieve
significant improvement
in the lives of at least 100
million slum dwellers.
New Delhi, India
Number of Urban Slum Dwellers
is Increasing
• Global urban population has
surpassed rural population
– Future increase in world population will
be in urban slums
• There are now 1 billion slum dwellers
– 31% of urban populations worldwide
– 71% of urban populations in SubSaharan Africa
• Global urban population will grow to
6 billion by 2050
– Will be 3.5 billion slum dwellers
Source: BBC 2003
Percentage of Global Slum
Dwellers is declining
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_H262-zY4QpU/S6rGLg7wbKI/AAAAAAAAEmE/X0suuHWl-a0/s1600/New+Picture+(40).bmp
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
http://unstats.un.org/unsd/mi/pdf/MDG%20Book.pdf
Sanitation
• More than two
billion people lack
sanitation.
– Half the developing
world
– During the 1990’s
nearly one billion
people gained access to
sanitation.
Improving sanitation,
East Africa
http://www.ete.wur.nl/NR/rdonlyres/3F001224-6073-45F2-BE70CC969670EC00/44925/postertobiasbigamboplaatje2.JPG
Sanitation
http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/toilets_needed_to_meet_the_mdg_sanitation_target_by_2015
8. Develop a global partnership
for development
• Targets:
Uganda Parliament
http://www.nancarrow-webdesk.com/warehouse/storage2/2007-w46/img.74771_t.jpg
– Develop further an
open trading and
financial system
– includes a national and
international
commitment to good
• governance
• development
• poverty reduction
Special Needs
• Address the least
developed countries’
special needs
– Landlocked States
– Small island
developing States
Haiti
http://www.ired.com/pix/news/mkt/haiti.jpg
Youth
Develop decent
and productive
work for youth
Youth job training, S. Africa
http://www.youthportal.org.za/ur/GDP.JPG
Affordable Drugs
• Provide access to
affordable
essential drugs in
developing countries
– In cooperation with
pharmaceutical
companies
http://www.ahcip.org/images/aids_drugs.jpg
Technology
• In cooperation with
the private sector,
make available the
benefits of new
technologies
– Especially information
and communications
technologies.
http://psdblog.worldbank.org/photos/uncategorized/2007/11/16/cell_phone_africa_3.jpg
Mobile Phones
http://notamystery.files.wordpress.com/2009/09/mobiles.jpg
Internet World Map (2007)
http://www.ipligence.com/worldmap/internet-map.jpg
Debt
• Deal comprehensively
with developing
countries’ debt problems
– Many developing countries
spend more on debt service
than on social services.
– Middle income countries
benefit from increased trade
– Poorest countries benefit
more from aid than trade
http://www.gpia.info/files/u10/Cover_with_quotes.jpg
Aid
MGD Progress 2010
Progress Toward MGD
http://development.thinkaboutit.eu/images/uploads/ManyCountriesAreFallingShortOfMostMDGs.gif