The Energy Hub A Powerful Concept for Future Energy Systems
Göran Andersson
ETH Zürich, EEH – Power Systems and High Voltage Labs
on behalf of the research team :
G. Andersson, M. Arnold, P. Favre-Perrod, K. Fröhlich, M. Geidl,
F. Kienzle, G. Koeppel, M.Schulze
Presentation outline
• Project background
• The hub concept
• Examples
• Concluding remarks
2
Visions of Future Energy Networks:
Motivation
• Today‘s system is necessarily not optimal to meet
future requirements from customers and power
producers
• New technologies are emerging both with regard
to primary systems and secondary and enabling
systems
• Environmental and regulatory requirements are
changing
3
Greenfield Approach
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Interaction System Requirements - Technology
System
Technology
Customer req.
Layout
Operation - Control
Optimisation
Regulation
...
Features
Costs
Requirements
…
5
Project sponsors:
ABB
AREVA TD
Siemens
Bundesamt für Energie (CH)
SwissPower, Novatlantis, …
ETH
Academic partners: TU Delft, RWTH Aachen,
NTNU Trondheim, CEPE ETHZ,
6
Principle network layout – multicarrier system
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The Energy Hub – a key element
8
The Energy Hub – an example
9
Energy Hub Model
10
The energy interconnector
Approach: Common transmission device for several energy carriers
chemical energy
heat
electricity
11
Three step procedure
requirements of
the (future) grid
participants
identification of
necessary
technology
modelling,
optimisation,
analysis
extrapolation,
scenarios
databases, ecobalancing, techn.
forecasts
implementation
proposals
P2(t)
P1(t)
P2(t)
P3(t)
Pn(t)
local energy demand
(chemical, thermal,electric)
P1(t)
P3(t)
Pn(t)
12
General Results
• Power conversion ⇔ price conversion
Pα , ψα
P
Ψ=ΛC
Pε , ψ ε #
system marginal
prices
ENERGY HUB
C
Lα , λ α
#
Lζ , λζ
L=CP
Λ
hub marginal
prices
13
Comparison with classical case
14
Example for hub evaluation
•
Goal: optimal operation of an energy hub
27 kW
optimal
input = ?
50 kW
23 kW
gas
CHP
65 kW
76 kW
•
electricity
heat
24 kW
given
loads
100 kW
Given
– Energy cost (electr. = 0.1 €/kWh, gas, heat = 0.05 €/kWh)
– Hub characteristics
⎡1 ηge (Pg ) 0⎤
C=⎢
⎥
0
(P
)
1
η
⎢⎣
⎥⎦
gt
g
•
ECO2 = 0.7 kg / kWhgas
Wanted: optimal hub inputs due to minimal energy cost
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Operational Optimization
Result
13.0
70.0
Energy cost
60.0
CO2 Emissions
12.8
50.0
12.7
40.0
12.6
30.0
Minimum at
65 kW gas input
12.5
20.0
12.4
10.0
12.3
0.0
30
40
50
60
70
80
CO 2 output in kg
12.9
Energy cost in €
•
90
Gas input in kWh
16
Investment evaluation
17
Optimal Hub Coupling
C=?
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Optimal Hub Coupling
19
Example: coupling of electrical and gaseous
chemical power
Assumptions:
electrical input power constant
inlet (20 °C) and outlet (120 °C)
temperature fixed
inlet pressure
outlet pressure
Conclusion: For given electrical losses economical chemical
throughput is limited within the range:
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Reliability of an Energy Hub
Exptected Energy Not Supplied:
1h/a Æ 27.6 Min/a
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Practical Case: Regionalwerke Baden
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Other results
• Detailed reliability modeling and analysis
• Optimal sizing and use of storage devices
• Modeling of stochastic (non-dispatchable) power sources
23
Future homework
• Expand models from steady state to dynamic, develop
control strategies
• Develop investment strategies (bridging systems)
• Identify and evaluate necessary technology
• Apply the hub idea to a Swiss city (Baden, Swiss Power)
• Integrate coupling with mobility
• Develop Road Maps for the European system
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Conclusions
• Sources, load and network are strongly interactive
• Systems and technology aspects are strongly interactive
as well
Î research approach has to consider all these interactions
• The hybrid network is closer to reality than it looks in a
first view
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More information
http://www.eeh.ee.ethz.ch/psl/research/vofen.html
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