Michael Kelleher
Director Renewable Energy Systems
SUNY College of Environmental Science
and Forestry
November 2010
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Central Station
◦ Concentrate emissions and
environmental impacts
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Electric generation
g
◦ Efficiency (after almost 100 years of
refinement) 33-40%
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Fossil fuels
U.S. Electric Power Industry Net Generation, 2006
Sources: Energy Information Administration, Form EIA-906, "Power Plant Report;" and Form EIA-920 "Combined Heat and Power Plant Report."
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Combined heat and power (CHP) is the simultaneous
production
off electrical
d ti
l t i l or mechanical
h i l energy (power)
(
)
and useful thermal energy from a single energy
source. By capturing and using the recovered heat
energy from an effluent stream that would otherwise
be rejected to the environment, CHP (or cogeneration)
systems can operate at utilization efficiencies greater
than those achieved when heat and power are
produced
d
d iin separate
t processes, th
thus contributing
t ib ti
tto
sustainable building solutions.
Topping Cycle
B
Bottoming
i C
Cycle
l
EPA.Gov CHP
A combined cycle uses thermal output from a prime mover to generate additional shaft power
(e.g., combustion turbine exhaust generates steam for a steam turbine generator).
Efficiency = energy output/energy input
= 120/260 = 46%
Efficiency
= energy output/energy input
= 120/160 = 75%
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Size to fit thermal load
Year round need for waste heat
Maximize capacity factor (run at full load)
Thermal efficiency of at least 60%
* reflects GWP & Emission Factors
Gateway building – LEED Platinum
New “zero net energy” showcase building for campus. Design
i l d biomass
includes
bi
combined
bi d heat
h t and
d power, PV,
PV green roof,
f
passive solar and rain gardens.
Systems design begins with a high performance building envelope.
A bioclimatic
bi li ti ffaçade
d controls
t l th
thermall lloss and
d solar
l gain
i tto minimize
i i i
building design loads.
Gateway Building Energy Efficiency
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Integrated building design with innovative
energy systems connecting
to campus
i
infrastructure
Renewable fuels will contribute towards the
reduction in the overall carbon footprint of
the campus
A variety of technologies used to further
research, community engagement and ESF’s
educational mission
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8,000 MBtu CHP Wood Pellet Steam Boiler
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8 000 MBtu CHP Natural Gas Steam Boiler
8,000
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200 kW Back-pressure steam turbine
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30 kW CHP Biodiesel Micro-turbine
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Dual 65 kW CHP Natural Gas Micro-turbines
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Solar Thermal for hot water needs
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100 kW Solar PV array
BIOMASS SYSTEM (thermal rich): Operates 8-9
8 9 months
per year to meet campus heating needs
NATURAL GAS & BIODIESEL MICRO TURBINES
(balanced electric & thermal output): Will operate 12
months per year to meet campus electric and heating
needs
Combined Heat and Power System
y
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CHP System is a 25% improvement to overall
energy efficiency
◦ Provides 65% of campus thermal needs and 20% of campus
electrical needs.
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Offset 54,000 MMBTU Fossil Fuels Annually
◦ 18,000 MMBTU from efficiency improvements
◦ 36,000
36 000 MMBTU from fuel switching improvement
◦ Saving 2,700 MTCO2e/yr
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System is projected to save ESF $450,000 annually,
and provides a $1.5 million NPV over 15 years
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Encourage campus awareness & involvement with
sustainability
projects.
b
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Communicate & expand sustainability efforts to
the local community and beyond.
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Continue to grow ESF’s portfolio of sustainability
efforts