CHEMISTRY 11
CHAPTER 5
INTERACTIVE LESSON
TEACHER’S
NOTES
FOR THE TEACHER
Lesson Objectives
• Review, reinforce, and extend the concepts in Chapter 5: Chemical
Processes.
• This lesson relates to expectations C1.1, C1.2, C2.1, C2.2, C2.6, C3.1, C3.2
and C3.3.
Lesson Notes
Slide 5
• By completing this slide, students will find themselves summarizing the key
differences between complete and incomplete combustion.
• As an extension, you might ask students whether they think the incomplete
combustion equation given is the only possible one for ethyne (C2H2).
Another possible equation is:
3C2H2(g) + 7O2(g) → CO(g) + 5CO2(g) + 3H2O(l) + energy; but the principle
doesn't depend on finding this exact equation.
FOR THE TEACHER
Lesson Notes
Slide 7
• The discussion can be led into the issue of pure research: whose role should
it be to fund this? How can a return on pure research be assessed, if we are
looking at the occasional spectacular success but also many dead ends?
Slides 8
• Students develop a schematic of the chemical reactions for nitric oxide
pollution on the one hand, and catalytic conversion on the other.
Slide 9
• The purpose of this slide is to help students organize their knowledge of the
principles and types of neutralization reactions.
FOR THE TEACHER
Lesson Notes
Slides 10 and 11
• Students complete these two slides to review metallurgical processing and
its environmental impact.
Slide 13
• Students have an opportunity to think analytically about the various options
for remediation, potentially extending into an evaluative exercise. Some of
the advantages and disadvantages require some thought beyond the
specific content of Section 5.6.
Section 5.1
Complete vs Incomplete Combustion
Complete the table with the phrases and equations below.
C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) →
2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + energy
energy
CO2
Oxygen
Incomplete
Combustion
Complete
Combustion
limited
not limited
H2O
C
CO
C2H2(g) + 2O2(g) →
CO(g) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) + energy
Example of Equation
Products
Section 5.2
Chance Discoveries
Look at the images. Match each accidental discovery with its origins and an
example of its use.
protective building
material
unsuitable
clear plastic
seaweed
reacted refrigerant
disinfecting
agent
bone repair
Iodine
Origin
An example
of its use
Teflon
Superglue
Discussion: Chance Discoveries
Section 5.2
The board of a high-tech company decides that, to save money, only
research projects with a defined product as an outcome will be
funded. Why might this be unwise?
Section 5.3
Catalytic Conversion
This diagram shows how the polluting effects of nitrogen combustion in
vehicle engines can be largely eliminated by catalytic conversion. Match
each chemical equation to the correct position in the diagram.
2NO(g) → N2(g) + O2(g)
N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)
2NO2(g) + H2O(l) → HNO3(aq) + HNO2(aq)
2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g)
Combustion in the engine
Catalytic conversion
Without catalytic conversion
Further reaction in the atmosphere
Formation of acids in the atmosphere
Section 5.4
Neutralization
Match the appropriate substance to the boxes below to complete the
neutralization reactions.
H2CO3(aq)
H2O(l)
HCl(aq)
NaCl(aq)
CO2(g)
NaHCO3(aq)
Na2CO3(aq)
NaOH(aq)
Acid + Base:
→
+
+
Carbonic acid + Base:
→
+
+
Acid+ baking soda:
→
+
+
+
Acid+ carbonate compound:
+
→
+
+
Metallurgy: Processing and Purifying
Click the image on the
right to follow the
processing and
purification of copper
from its ore.
Section 5.5
Extracting and Purifying Copper
Metallurgy: Processing and Purifying
Section 5.5
Complete the following statements about metallurgical processing and
environmental impact.
acid mine
hydrophilic smelting
sulfides
air bubbles
oxygen
sulfuric acid
calcium carbonate physical
sulphur dioxide
flotation
pyrite
1.
2.
3.
4.
_______________ processing of ore may involve grinding and
_______________.
In _______________, the the hydrophobic ends of anions attach
themselves to _______________ and the _______________ ends
attach to the ore.
Flash _______________ takes place in almost pure _______________.
It results in more concentrated _______________, which is easier and
cheaper to convert to _______________.
_______________ drainage involves the acidification of water by
_______________ such as _______________ (FeS2). It can be offset
by using _______________.
Discussion: Metallurgy: Processing and
Purifying
Section 5.5
Increasing the efficiency of processing, and using methods to reduce
environmental impact, are "production-end" ways to make metal
industries more “green.” How else can we "green" the role of metal in
our society?
Remediation Approaches
Section 5.6
For each form of remediation, identify one advantage and one
disadvantage.
1. Soil flushing
4. Electrolysis
2. Stabilization and solidification 3. Chemical oxidation
5. Phytoremediation
Section 5.7
Principles of Green Chemistry
Look at the examples and visuals. Identify the principles of Green Chemistry.
Use chemicals with low
environmental impact
Use less energy
Use catalysts
Nylon, usually
made from oil
based
material such
as benzene.
Energy costs
for blast
furnaces can
be reduced.
Use renewable materials
Waste not
CFCs are no
longer used
to make
styrofoam.
Making
sulfuric acid
involves a
catalyst, V2O5.
An exhaust
hood for
battery
recycling.
ANSWERS
CHAPTER 5
INTERACTIVE LESSON
TEACHER’S
NOTES
Complete vs Incomplete Combustion
Section 5.1
Complete the table with the phrases and equations below.
Oxygen
Example of Equation
Products
Incomplete
Combustion
limited
C2H2(g) + 2O2(g) →
CO(g) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) + energy
C
CO
CO2 H2O
energy
Complete
Combustion
not limited
C2H4(g) + 3O2(g) →
2CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + energy
CO2 H2O
energy
Section 5.2
Chance Discoveries
Look at the images. Match each accidental discovery with its origins and an
example of its use.
Iodine
Origin
An example
of its use
Teflon
Superglue
seaweed
reacted refrigerant
unsuitable
clear plastic
disinfecting
agent
protective building
material
bone repair
Section 5.3
Catalytic Conversion
This diagram shows how the polluting effects of nitrogen combustion in
vehicle engines can be largely eliminated by catalytic conversion. Match
each chemical equation to the correct position in the diagram.
Combustion in the engine
N2(g) + O2(g) → 2NO(g)
Catalytic conversion
2NO(g) → N2(g) + O2(g)
Without catalytic conversion
Further reaction in the atmosphere
2NO(g) + O2(g) → 2NO2(g)
Formation of acids in the atmosphere
2NO2(g) + H2O(l) → HNO3(aq) + HNO2(aq)
Section 5.4
Neutralization
Match the appropriate substance to the boxes below to complete the
neutralization reactions.
H2CO3(aq)
H2O(l)
HCl(aq)
NaCl(aq)
CO2(g)
Na2CO3(aq)
NaHCO3(aq)
NaOH(aq)
Acid + Base:
HCl(aq)
+ NaOH(aq)
→
H2O(l)
+
NaCl(aq)
Carbonic acid + Base:
H2CO3(aq) + 2
NaOH(aq)
→2
H2O(l)
+ Na2CO3(aq)
Acid+ baking soda:
HCl(aq)
+ NaHCO3(aq)
→
CO2(g)
+
H2O(l)
+
NaCl(aq)
Acid+ carbonate compound:
2
HCl(aq)
+ Na2CO3(aq)
→
CO2(g)
+
H2O(l)
+ 2
NaCl(aq)
Metallurgy: Processing and Purifying
Section 5.5
Complete the following statements about metallurgical processing and
environmental impact.
1.
2.
3.
4.
_______________
physical
processing of ore may involve grinding and
_______________.
flotation
flotation
In _______________,
the the hydrophobic ends of anions attach
themselves to _______________
and the _______________
ends
air bubbles
hydrophilic
attach to the ore.
Flash _______________
smelting
takes place in almost pure _______________.
oxygen
sulphur dioxide which is easier and
It results in more concentrated _______________,
sulfuric acid
cheaper to convert to _______________.
_______________
drainage involves the acidification of water by
acid mine
pyrite
sulfides
_______________
such as _______________
(FeS2). It can be offset
by using _______________.
calcium carbonate
Section 5.7
Principles of Green Chemistry
Look at the examples and visuals. Identify the principles of Green
Chemistry.
Nylon, usually
made from oil
based
material such
as benzene.
CFCs are no
longer used
to make
styrofoam.
Use renewable materials
Use chemicals with low
environmental impact
Energy costs
for blast
furnaces can
be reduced.
Use less energy
Making
sulfuric acid
involves a
catalyst, V2O5.
Use catalysts
An exhaust
hood for
battery
recycling.
Waste not
Answers for Discussion Questions:
Section 5.2
Slide 7
Sample answer: Some of the most successful products were discovered by
accident. A high-tech company should probably not be cutting out the
possibility of making such discoveries. The most successful high-tech
companies have invested significantly in “pure research” (research with no
defined outcome) and usually owe much of their success to that strategy.
Answers for Discussion Questions:
Section 5.5
Slide 12
Sample answer: As consumers, we can reduce our consumption of
products that use metal, or choose to buy products that save on metal in
their manufacturing. Reducing the overall amount of metal in our society is a
direct way of reducing the environmental impact of mining and processing
metal, as well as saving on the costs of these processes.
Remediation Approaches
Section 5.6
Slide 13
Sample answer:
1. Soil flushing: Advantage: Basic process and materials are simple.
Disadvantage: Possible high environmental impact if fluid is not
contained.
2. Stabilization and solidification: Advantage: Pumping agent into the
ground prevents groundwater contamination. Disadvantage: Process
generates bulky solidified waste.
3. Chemical oxidation: Advantage: Organic contaminants as well as
metals can be dealt with. Disadvantage: Requires energy for drilling and
delivery.
4. Electrolysis: Advantage: Safe removal of metal contaminant.
Disadvantage: Does not work well unless ground is moist.
5. Phytoremediation: Advantage: Low energy and material requirements.
Disadvantage: Process may be slow: not suitable for all toxic sites.
Credits
Slides 6 and 17: left to right Clive Streeter © Dorling Kindersley; ©
nagelstock/Alamy; Antonia Reeve/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Slide 10: top left Only Fabrizio/Shutterstock; top right
MARCELODLT/Shutterstock; bottom © United Archives GmbH/Alamy
Slides 11 and 20: © Elbardamu/Alamy
Slide 13: right Courtesy of MIRARCO
Slides 14 and 21: top left to right CHARLES D. WINTERS/SCIENCE
PHOTO LIBRARY; SPL/Photo Researchers, Inc.; Ted Kinsman/Photo
Researchers, Inc.; bottom left Phil Degginger/Getty Images