Honors Anatomy Final Exam Study Guide – Exam is 150 multiple choice questions
1.
What is Anatomy?
2.
Write the following terms in order from smallest to largest and their definitions: atom, cell, molecule, tissue, organism, organ system, organ
3.
What is Physiology?
4.
What is homeostasis?
5.
What are directional terms?
6.
Know the position of the sternum relative to the heart.
7.
Which cavity holds the urinary bladder?
8.
Which cavities are superior to the abdominal cavity?
9.
What are the contents of the Dorsal cavity?
10.
What are the contents of the Ventral Cavity?
11.
Define and draw a picture for each: sagittal, coronal, transverse, oblique
12.
What does axillary refer to?
13.
Describe skeletal tissue as voluntary or involuntary and striated or non-striated.
14.
What are the different shapes of epithelial tissue cells?
15.
What type of CT attaches skin to underlying tissues and organs?
16.
What are the different types of CT cells?
17.
What areas would you find epithelial tissue?
18.
What is the matrix?
19.
What type of epithelial tissue cells make up the skin?
20.
Which organelle would be the most abundant in muscle cells?
21.
What is another name for a muscle cell?
22.
By what age has a person lost 50% of their muscle mass?
23.
What is the sarcoplasm of a muscle cell also known as?
24.
What are the functions of muscular tissue?
25.
What are the criteria for naming muscles?
26.
What are the following muscular functions: extensor, flexor, abductor, adductor
27.
What are terms to indicate the direction of muscle fibers?
28.
What are the characteristics of muscular tissue?
29.
Which is placed first in naming a muscle – origin or insertion?
30.
Describe cardiac muscle as voluntary or involuntary and striated or non-striated.
31.
Describe smooth muscle as voluntary or involuntary and striated or non-striated.
32.
What type of chemical is acetylcholine?
33.
What is the sarcolemma in a muscle cell?
34.
What is paralysis?
35.
What is hypotonia?
36.
What type of ossification forms most bone?
37.
What type of ossification close the fontanels?
38.
What are the different shapes of bones and what distinguishes each?
39.
What happens if there is not enough Ca in the blood stream?
40.
Bedridden people lose approximately 1% of their bone mass per week.
41.
Know the skeleton that you had to learn for the Skeletal System unit?
42.
What are the 4 components of the integumentary system?
43.
What causes different skin colors?
44.
What is albinism?
45.
What does it mean if someone has a cyanotic appearance?
46.
What causes blond hair, black hair, red hair, grey hair and white hair?
47.
What are the 3 primary layers of skin?
48.
What are the functions of skin?
49.
What cells are most commonly found in the epidermis?
50.
What the layers of the epidermis from the most deep to the most superficial.
51.
Where do you find Merkel Cells?
52.
What are the 2 types of valves found in the heart?
53.
What are the components of plasma?
54.
What is a hemorrhage?
55.
What blood type is the universal donor?

56.
What blood type is the universal acceptor?
57.
What is the flow of blood through the heart and when it is oxygenated and deoxygenated?
58.
What does type A blood have that makes it not be able to accept B blood?
59.
What is hemopoiesis?
60.
What are more technical names for red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets?
61.
What is the liquid matrix of the blood called?
62.
What are the 2 components of blood?
63.
Know the auditory pathway of sound?
64.
Know the different layers and characteristics of the meninges – sub layers and where each is relative to the others – Dura
Mater, Pa Mater, Arachnoid Mater, Sub arachnoid space, epidural space…etc.
65.
What are the 2 parts of the diencephalon?
66.
What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?
67.
What are the different layers of spinal cord protection?
68.
Know the steps of the visual pathway.
69.
Where can a spinal tap be performed?
70.
What is the primary function of the thalamus?
71.
What is the second largest portion of the brain?
72.
How much does the brain weigh?
73.
Identify the meanings of the following roots: adip, algesia, arthro, blast, cardi, chondro, crin, derm, dors, encephalo, endo, glia, hem, hyper, lacri, lepsy, myo, narc, peri, phys, sarco, tachy, tomy,
74.
Identify the meanings of the following clinical conditions: acromegaly, albinism, analgesia, analgesic, anesthesia, aplastic anemia, apraxia, coma, craniotomy, hemiplegia, impetigo, monoplegia, multiple sclerosis, osteomyelitis, osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, paraplegia, pernicious anemia, thalassemia, thromboembolitic disorders, vitiligo
75.
What is a goiter?
76.
What is the sella turcica?
77.
What is the function of the following hormones: antidiuretic hormone, histamine, leptin, epinephrine (adrenaline)
78.
What are the 2 types of resistance that the body has to prevent it from getting sick?
79.
What are the stages of inflammation?
80.
What are the stages of phagocytosis?
81.
What are the 2 requirements to be an antigen?
82.
What is the function of memory T cells?
83.
When an immune system has both cell-mediated and antibody-mediated immune responses after an organ transplant, what is happening?
84.
What system works with the endocrine system to help maintain homeostasis within the body?
85.
What are the different stages of prenatal human development?
86.
When are the heart beats first made?
87.
When can you hear a heart beat through a stethoscope?
88.
When do the eye lenses appear in a fetus?
89.
When do fingerprints develop in a fetus?
90.
When are fingers and toes present, but not webbed?
91.
Where do the intestines develop?
92.
What is the pathway that sperm follow from formation to elimination from the male?
93.
What cells are made in meisosi?
94.
How many ovum mature per month in a female?
95.
What hormones help a female reproductive system to function properly?
96.
What is the pathway of food in the digestive system from the mouth to exiting the body?
97.
What is the purpose of the small intestine?
98.
What is the purpose of the gall bladder?
99.
How many liters of blood do your kidneys process in a 24-hour period?
100.
What causes urine to be yellow?
101.
How many sphincters are in your anus?