Ch 7 Test Review
The Revolutionary War
Abigail Adams
She was the wife of John Adams. They wrote letters while apart to one another
during these absences that have become a source of information about the
American Revolution and early American history. In her most famous letter to her
husband, she asked him to “Remember the Ladies.” She pressed him to give women
equal status with men when forming the new government. Abigail Adams is also
known to have advocated for public education for girls.
John Adams
He served as a delegate to both Continental Congresses and was on the committee
to write the Declaration of Independence.
A beloved and respected patriot from Massachusetts. He was elected town
messenger for the regional Committee of Safety, one of the many groups
established in Colonial America to monitor events pertaining to public welfare. He
Wentworth Cheswell
delivered messages for the Committee as a rider in the New England colonies. As
soldier, he served in the Battles of Saratoga
Mercy Otis Warren
An American patriot. She was a writer who authored plays, poems and essays
supporting the idea of independence. Her writings convinced many in
Massachusetts to become Patriots. Sister to James Otis and wife of patriot James
Warren, co-founder of the Boston committee of correspondence, Mercy was a very
outspoken woman for her time. She was also a close friend of Abigail Adams. Her
writings have helped historians in the study of the American Revolution and she is
often considered the first historian of the American Revolution
James Armistead
One of General George Washington’s most effective weapons against the British,
James Armistead. Armistead was enlisted as a patriotic spy who worked as a
“double-agent” on behalf of the United States. Pretending to be a runaway slave,
Armistead was able to infiltrate the British defenses and acquire countless
important British war secrets which helped turn the tide of the Revolution in favor
of the Americans. Marquis de Lafayette helped him by writing a letter of
recommendation for his freedom, which was granted in 1787.
Benjamin Franklin
He was a delegate to the both Continental Congresses and a member of the
committee to write the Declaration of Independence. Diplomatic representative to
France who helped to secure an alliance with the French during the war
A descendant of ancient Spanish nobility, Gálvez was the acting Governor of the
Louisiana Territory. Due Spains support of the American colonists during the
Revolution, Gálvez naturally sided with the Americans throughout the war. He was
Bernardo de Gálvez instrumental in buying Spanish weapons, gunpowder, clothing and many other vital
supplies that were essential to the colonial army. He was influential in keeping the
port of New Orleans and the Mississippi River out of the control of the British, thus
preventing British attacks from the west and the south during the revolution
King George III
King of England from 1760-1810. During his reign, there were many conflicts
involving his kingdom. After the French and Indian War, the British Parliament with
the King’s approval angered the American colonists by taxing them to pay for
military protection. In 1776 the American colonists declared their independence
and listed their grievances against the king.
George
Washington
He was a Virginia planter and a delegate to the House of Burgesses.
Washington fought during the French and Indian War and was a delegate
to the Continental Congress. He was chosen Commander of the
Continental Army during the American Revolution . Washington lead the
Continental Army in is retreat from New York, then commanded the
American victories at Trenton, lead the army through the winter at Valley
Forge and coordinated the victory at Yorktown that lead to the surrender
of Cornwallis.
Haym Salomon
A Polish-born Jewish immigrant who played an important role in financing
the American Revolution.. He was a member of the American
Espionage(spy) ring and helped convince many Hessians to desert the
British military. He was arrested as a spy by the British but escaped before
he could be hung. Salomon became a financial broker in Philadelphia. He
went on to help finance the Continental Congress, using his own personal
money to finance the patriot cause. Known as the “American Financier.”
As a Virginia planter, he was also a delegate to the House of Burgesses and
to the First and Second Continental Congress. He was selected to draft the
Thomas Jefferson Declaration of Independence and is thus considered the author of the
Declaration of Independence.
Marquis de
Lafayette
A French officer who came to help the Americans fight the Revolution
against Great Britain. He was given the rank of major general, since he
represented the highest rank of French nobility. He developed a friendship
with George Washington which lasted as long as Washington lived. His
influence helped to secure support from France for the patriots’ cause.
Lafayette was also able to obtain troops and supplies from France. He was
the first foreigner to be granted honorary United States citizenship.
Thomas Paine
He authored the pamphlet Common Sense which encouraged the colonies
to break with England and become independent. He was a soldier in the
Continental Army and wrote the pamphlet The Crisis to encourage
Continental soldiers to continue to fight. In the pamphlet, he penned his
famous line, "These are the times that try men's souls.“
In 1776 with his ship the Bonhomme Richard, he defeated the British
warship Serapis, which raised American spirits. Jones’ success against the
best navy in the world angered the British and inspired the Americans.
John Paul Jones Jones’ famous words during this battle were “I have not yet begun to
fight!” which became a slogan for the U.S. Navy. Some consider him the
“Father of the U.S. Navy.”
Document Glossary
Treaty of Paris
(1783)
The treaty, signed on September 3, 1783, between the American colonies
and Great Britain, ended the American Revolution and formally
recognized the United States as an independent nation. Two crucial
provisions of the treaty were British recognition of U.S. independence
and the creation of boundaries (Canada to the north and the Mississippi
River to the west and Spanish Florida to the south) that would allow for
American western expansion.
Articles of Confederation 1781
the nation’s first constitution; lacked
the power to tax, regulate trade, or
control coinage lack of power to
create a national army
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639
the first constitution in the American colonies;
extended voting rights to non-church members
and limited the powers of the governor, expanded
ideas of representative government
Magna Carta 1215
granted rights to noblemen
and freemen. Limited power
of the king
House of Burgesses 1619
The First Representative Body in
the colonies; Virginia
Mayflower Compact 1620
first system of selfgovernment in America.
English Bill of Rights 1689
supported a limited
monarchy, gov’t based of laws
made by parliament provided a
system of shared power; rights
given to ALL Englishmen
Founding
Documents
Revolution Events
ec. of Ind.
exington
aratoga
rticles of
Confed.
Valley Forge
onstitution
orktown
Jamestown -1st perm. English settlement
Mayflower Compact – 1st system of selfgov’t
Declaration of Independence – Freedom
from Englsih Rule
Middle
Colonies
subsistence farming,
good soil,
warm climate
NH
MA
NY
CT RI
PA
NJ
MD DE
VA
New England
Long winters,
rocky soil,
timber,
fishing,
shipbuilding,
whaling
NC
SC
Southern
Colonies
Hot climate, fertile soil, cash crops, plantation system
GA
Appalachian Mtns
Great Lakes
US in 1783
Super
STAAR 130
Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
26. Unalienable rights are rights that cannot be given
up, taken away, or transferred. Life, liberty and the
pursuit of happiness , are some of those rights.
Grrrrr… My Rights are God-given,
natural rights and you can’t take
them from me!!
Woof!
Arf!
I am the King of this
kennel, and I will take
them If I want!
Bark!!
Super
STAAR 130
Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
27. The Battle of Saratoga was the turning point of the
American Revolution (French entered the war).
This victory should
convince the French we
can win this war!
OK, vee vill help
you beat dee
English now!
Super
STAAR 130
Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
28. Valley Forge was where George Washington’s
troops camped during the winter of 1777. More than
1/5 of his soldiers died of disease and malnutrition.
Super
STAAR 130
Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
29. The British defeat in 1781 at Yorktown, Virginia by George
Washington’s troops signaled the end of the American
Revolution.
http://www.britishbattles.com/battle-yorktown.htm
Super
STAAR 130
Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction
30. The Treaty of Paris of 1783 ended the American Revolution
and forced Britain to recognize the United States as an
independent nation.
Yo! Them Red Coats best
recognize! Hold up!
Where’d they go?!?
We got your recognition
right here. Come on,
mates. Let’s go home
and get some fish and
chips.