Exam I
Study Guide
Explain
• Parfocal
• Inversion
• Summarize the procedure for preparing a wet
mount slide
Questions
• What is the function of tendons and
ligaments?
• Name the enzyme that breaks down ATP
during a muscle contraction.
• What is the function of red bone marrow?
• What is the chemical composition of the
yellow bone marrow?
Plasma
membrane
Cytoplasm
Organelles
Nucleus
a) A eukaryotic animal cell has a large
nucleus and numerous small organelles.
The cytoplasm is enclosed by a flexible
plasma membrane.
Question
• Identify and label three structures of the
animal cells
Question
• What appearance will red blood cells have
when they are placed in the following
solutions? Explain your answer in detail.
• Hypertonic
• Isotonic
• Hypotonic
Figure 5.12
Coxal bones and
sacrum (pelvis)
Pubic
symphysis
Femur (upper leg)
Patella (knee cap)
Lower leg
Tibia
Fibula
7 Tarsals (ankle)
5 Metatarsals (foot)
14 Phalanges (toe bones)
Identify
these
bones.
Identify the microscope parts.
Identify all the components of a long
bone.
Epiphysis
Spongy bone
(spaces contain
red bone
marrow)
Compact
bone
Yellow
bone
marrow
Diaphysis
Blood
vessel
Periosteum
Central cavity
(contains yellow
bone marrow)
Epiphysis
a) A partial cut through a long bone.
Figure 5.1a
Question
• Why do bone injuries heal faster than injuries
to cartilage?
Identify the following muscles.
Pectoralis major
• Draws arm forward
and toward the body
Biceps brachii
• Bends forearm at elbow
Rectus abdominus
• Compresses abdomen
• Bends backbone
• Compresses chest cavity
Figure 6.1a
Deltoid
• Raises arm
Trapezius
• Lifts shoulder blade
• Braces shoulder
• Draws head back
Triceps brachi
• Straightens forearm
at elbow
Latissimus dorsi
• Rotates and draws
arm backward and
toward body
Gluteus maximus
• Extends thigh
• Rotates thigh laterally
Gastrocnemius
• Bends lower leg at
knee
• Bends foot away from
knee
Figure 6.1b
Name and identify the
kissing and blinking
muscles.
Question
• What are the two divisions of the skeletal
System?
• Name four bones from each division.
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
Cranium
(skull)
Maxilla
Mandible
Clavicle
Scapula
Sternum
Ribs
Humerus
Vertebrae
Ulna
Radius
Carpals
Sacrum
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Coxal bone
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Figure 5.5
Osteon:
Osteons
• The Osteon: label the
osteocytes, lamellea, lacuna
and canaliculi.
• Why is the central canal larger
compared to the other
components of bone tissue?
• Describe the appearance of the
canaliculi and give their
function.
Question
• Describe how an osteocyte located near a
central canal can pass nutrients to osteocytes
located far from the central canal.
Identify the following structures
•
•
•
•
•
Sarcomere
Motor neuron
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
T-tubules
Actin and myosin
Clavicle
Manubrium
C7
T1
1
2
Sternum
(breastbone)
3
4
True Ribs
Xiphoid process
5
6
False ribs
T11
7
T12
L1
L2
Floating ribs
8
12
9
10
11
Identify all the bones
Figure 5.11
Clavicle
(collar bone)
Pectoral girdle
Scapula
(shoulder blade)
Humerus
(upper arm)
Ulna
Forearm
Radius
8 Carpals (wrist)
5 Metacarpals (hand)
14 Phalanges (finger bones)
Identify all
the bones.
Temporal bone
Parietal bone
Frontal bone
Sphenoid bone
Ethmoid bone
Lacrimal bone
Nasal bone
Zygomatic bone
Maxilla
Occipital
bone
Mandible
External auditory
meatus
Maxilla
Zygomatic bone
Palatine bone
Sphenoid bone
Vomer bone
Foramen magnum
Occipital bone
Figure 5.6
Identify the bones of the face and skull
Questions
• Each arm consists of humerus, ulna and
radius. What joint connects these three
bones?
• How many bones are in your body?
• How many bones are in your left hand?
Question: Identify the male and female coxal
bones?
Identify the region of the coxal bones.
1.
2.
Lumbar Vertebrae(5)
Identify the following vertebrae
A._________
B.__________
Types of bones
1. humerus
2. patella
3. coxal
4. scapula
Identify the vertebrae
1.____________
2.____________