Artificial Hearts
Aspirin
Balloons
Bandages
Blenders
Cameras
Candles
CD Players
Clothing
Compact Discs/DVDs
Computers
Containers
Crayons
Credit Cards
Dentures
Deodorant
Digital Clocks
Dyes
Fertilizers
Food Preservatives
Footballs
Furniture
Garbage Bags
Glasses
Glue
Golf Balls
Hair Dryers
Hang Gliders
House Paint
Ink
Insecticides
Life Jackets
Lipstick
Luggage
Medical Equipment
Medicines
MP3 Players
Pantyhose
Patio Screens
Perfumes
Photographic Film
Photographs
Piano Keys
Roller Blades
Roofing
Shampoo
Shaving Cream
Soft Contact Lenses
Surfboards
Telephones
Tents
Toothpaste
Toys
Umbrellas
80% of the world’s energy
comes from fossil fuels
• Oil
• Natural gas
• Coal
1
2
3
4
5
 Geologists
study rocks
on the Earth’s surface
and underground
 Geologists make a map
of the rocks where they
think oil and gas might
be found
Photo by John Simmons, OnTV
© The Geological Society of London www.geolsoc.org.uk
 Well
Logs
 Seismic
Surveys
•The Age of the Rocks in Ohio ranges from 300 Million years old to 480 Million
years old
•The Geology of Ohio is defined mainly by the Appalachian basin
•The Appalachian Basins stretches from up-state New York thru Tenn. and into
Alabama.
• The western boundary is Cincinnati Arch in south west Ohio.
•The Depth of the Basin ranges from 45,000 ft in Penn to less than 2,000 ft in
Western Ohio.
•The basin formed in response to multiple Orgies or Mountain Building events.
•As the Appalachian Mountains grew taller the amount of sediment that was
being eroded due to weathering increased and it is these sediments that form
the sedimentary rocks that are here in Ohio.
 Engineers
use the
geology map to drill
a well under the
Earth’s surface using
a “rig”
 If successful, the well
will bring a steady
flow of oil and gas to
the surface
Oil drops in grains of sand
Gas
Oil
Water
Microscopic View
Source Rock (Fossils)
•Dinosaurs!
•NO!!!
•Oil really comes from creatures the size of a pinhead. These one-celled
creatures, known as diatoms (a form of Phytoplankton), aren't really plants, but
share one very important characteristic with them - they take light from the
sun and convert it into energy.
MAGNIFIED IMAGES OF
DIATOMS
SATELLITE IMAGE OF
PHYTOPLANKTON
After the rig is
removed, a pump is
placed on the well
head.
 An electric motor
drives a gear box that
moves a lever.
 The lever pushes and
pulls, forcing the pump
up and down, and
creates a suction that
draws up the oil.

 Natural
Gas is moved
from the well head to
the burner tip within
a pipeline system.
 Liquids
such as oil
can be stored in
tanks and
transported by trains,
trucks or pipelines.
 Chemicals
and heat are used
to remove water and solids
 Natural gas is separated
 Cracking and rearranging
molecules prepares the
finished products
 Oil is then stored in tanks.
Photo courtesy of © BP p.l.c.
 Oil
& Gas wells have been drilled in Ohio
since the late 1800’s.
 At one point Ohio was the largest
producer of oil in the world. These oil
fields were located in north west Ohio
and this is were John D. Rockefeller
founded “Standard Oil”.
• In 1896 Ohio produced 24 million barrels of oil.
(oil field barrel is 42 gallons)




The Silurian Clinton Sandstone is still the backbone of our
industry in Ohio.
• The Clinton Fairway stretches north in east central Ohio.
Wells range in depth from ~2000 ft to 6,000 ft.
• Low risk slow pay out.
Knox Group (Beekmantown, Rose Run, Copper Ridge)
• Deeper than the Clinton Sandstone, depth range from ~4000
ft to 8500 ft
• Higher risk but higher returns.
Other shallow targets Berea, Ohio Shale and Pennsylvania
Sands.
• All are relatively low risk and low return.
Shale Drilling!!!
• Utica and Marcellus
 For
the year 2011 there were 460
production wells drilled in Ohio.
Production for the same year totaled 4.85
million bbls of oil & 73.3 BCF of natural
gas.
 Overtime Ohio has produced over 1.14
billion bbls of oil and 8.59 TCF of natural
gas. Ohio Currently has over 64,481 wells
in production.