ART--REALISM REALISM To represent figures and objects exactly as they act or appear in life A reaction in the mid-19th century to romanticism PAINTING History had no importance, imagination was for dreamers Only what could be seen & experienced by the artist was worthy subject matter Glorified the working class & it’s activities Not considered true art. Work was not accepted by the Academy…organized their own exhibitthe Salon des Refuses or Exhibit of Refused Art in Paris in 1863 Jean-Baptiste Corot 1796-1875 Born in Paris-bourgeois family & then studied in Italy—harmony between humans & their environment Devoted to landscape paintings Painted in small sketches & then larger works Painted what he saw-not the impressions The Bridge at Narni, 1826 Venise, La Piazetta, 1835 Ville D’Avray, 1867 Jean Francois Millet 1814-1875 Born to a peasant family in Normandy Attached to the soil & showed in his painting— sowing seeds, harvesting, ploughing, gleaning, etc. Wanted to present the dignity of farm work Design was simple, light was strong, shadows deep, absolute realism in colours form & simplicity The Sower, 1850 Woman Baking Bread, 1854 The Gleaners, 1857 Honore Daumier 1808-1879 Caricaturist in newspaper Over 4000 drawings & took shots at all politicians After 1848, began to paint in private Work featured common people in daily activities in Paris Remained poor all his life-lived in a cottage provided by Corot Gargantua, 1831 The Chess Players,1863 Advice to a Young Artist, 1860 Gustave Corbet 1819-1877 Most effective spokesman for Realism The art of painting should consist only in the representation of objects which the artist can see and touch. A social activists, who was constantly in trouble Self-Portrait (The Desperate Man), 1843-1845 Burial at Ornans, 1849-1850 Plage de Normandie, 1872-1875 ARCHTITECTURE Was affected by the rapid growth of industrialization in Western Europe The Industrial Revolution needed structures, such as factories, railroad stations warehouses, etc Created a demand for architects to plan new types of buildings & use new materials Great Exhibition of 1851 1st commercial and industrial World’s Fair in London Took place in the Crystal Palace, designed by Sir Joseph Paxton The Crystal Palace, 1851 LITERATURE Fiction was an observation of society Dealt with the average working person Inexpensive penny pamphlets and serialized novels in newspapers and magazines brought literature into every home Books were lengthy, because authors were paid by the word or instalment Charles Dickens, 1812-1870 Worked in a factory, but learned shorthand & became a court reporter Attacked the social injustices of 19th century England Buried in Poet’s Corner Novels included: Oliver Twist, 1838 Nicholas Nickleby, 1839 A Christmas Carol, 1843 David Copperfield, 1850 A Tale of Two Cities, 1859 Great Expectations, 1861 Thomas Hardy, 1840-1928 1st was a poet, but turned to prose for literary success Novels were pessimistic portrayals of life but had elaborate plots and used female protagonists Novels were considered to be some of the finest in the English language Novels included: Far From the Maddening Crowd, 1874 The Return of the Native, 1878 The Mayor of Casterbridge, 1886 Tess of the d”Urbervilles, 1891 George Eliiot, 1819-1880 Mary Anne Evans Created realistic portrayals of the problems of the middle class Works were highly intellectual & psychological, regarded as a leading English novelist Novels include: Scenes of Clerical Life, 1858 Adam Bede, 1859 The Mill on the Floss, 1860 Silas Marner, 1861 Middlemarch, 1871 Fyodor Dostoevsky 1821-1881 Exiled to Siberia, after 1848 revolutions Wrote about political, social & spiritual troubles in 19th century Russia Sank into a deep depression after the death of his wife, & began to gamble Influenced Ernest Hemingway, James Joyce & Virginia Wolfe, Novels included: Poor Folk, 1846 Notes from the Underground, 1864 Crime & Punishment, 1866 The Gambler, 1867 The Brothers Karamazov, 1881 Leo Tolstoy, 1828-1910 Born into an aristocratic family Veteran of the Crimean War Regarded as one of the greatest writers The peak of realist fiction Attacked the inequalities in European society When he died in 1910student protests In late life became a fervent Christian influences Gandhi & Martin Luther King Novels include; War & Peace, 1865-1869 (Top 100 Books of all Time) Anna Karenina, 1875-1877 The Death of Ivan Ilyich, 1886 MUSIC Outgrew the ideals of romanticism Composer-conductor elevated into the forefront-stood in front of the ensemble, orchestra & introduced the baton FELIX MENDELSSOHN 1809-1847 Began his career at 17, the overture for A Midsummer Night’s Dream Credited with the rediscovery of Bach’s music Best known for chamber music http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=drWZHgY-zFo FREDERIC CHOPIN, 1810-1849 Wrote exclusively for piano solo Music was melodic & lyrical Invented the musical form of the ballad Known for Waltzes Influenced by Polish folktales http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4C-oiN_KDD0 Love affair with George Sand RICHARD WAGNER, 1813-1883 German composer Revolutionized the concept & structure of the opera Operas based on German mythology Tristan & Isolde (1859) his single greatest opera Banned from Germany for political activities