CHAPTER 3
THE COLONIES COME OF AGE
1
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13 Colonies Divided

New England: Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island
Middle: New York, Delaware, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania
Southern: Virginia, Maryland, North
Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia
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2
The Agricultural South
 Farmers specialize in
cash crops grown for sale
 Tobacco known as “brown
gold”
 a predominantly
agricultural
society emerges.
3
Mid-1700s Plantation Life
Small farmers were the majority
 But plantation owners controlled the govt.
and churches.
Why so few towns in South?
 Plantations develop instead of towns b/c
they had access to long deep rivers>>>
allowed plantation owners to ship directly
to other places
 Plantations produce most of what farmers
need on their property- no need for a
town’s shops

4
Evolution of Slavery
5


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Middle
Passageslave’s
journey
from west
coast of
Africa to
America
A horrible
journey of
3,000 miles
packed into
the hull of
a ship
Triangular Trade
6
7
8
SLAVE
IMPORTATION
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDukq8
npXBk
9
 • 80–90% of slaves work in fields; 10–20%
work in house (cook, clean, mind children) or
as artisans (blacksmith, bricklayer, carpenters)
 Some colonies slaves outnumbered whites
2 to 1
 • Slaves work full-time from age 12 until death
 • Majority of owners beat, whip slaves
considered disobedient, disrespectful
 (VA courts did not consider the killing of a slave
during punishment as murder).
10
STONO REBELLION: 1739
• 20 slaves took up arms and killed several planter
•
•
families.
Rebellion put down.
Despite its failure, many towns tightened slave laws
even more.
11
THE COMMERCIAL NORTH

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
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Produced several crops
Cold winters = short growing season &
rocky soil = smaller farms>>
Why less slavery in the North?
No plantations= less need for slaves
Could not develop plantations because of
the geography
12

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• Philadelphia second
largest city in British
empire; a planned city
with a grid like street
system, very modern
• Growth in trade leads to
large port cities: New
York, Boston,
Philadelphia
Jamestown (in South)and
New York chosen
because of access to
rivers
13
Influx of Immigrants
14
Salem witchcraft trials
In 1692, false accusations of witchcraft lead to
trials, hysteria- how and why did this happen?

strange things in
Salem



Social tensions
Poor brought charges
against the rich
In the end 25 women
killed as “witches”over 150 imprisoned
15
The Great Awakening 1730s-1740s

colonists begin to
question traditional
authority


Religious awakening
Jonathan Edwards tried
to revive intensity of
original Puritan vision.
This Great Awakening
preacher was famous
for his fiery message
referred to as
“sinners in the hand
of an angry God.”
17
French territory in the
Americas originally
claimed by Cartier and
in 1608 Samuel
Champlain founded
Quebec – 1st permanent
French settlement in N
America
Different from British
settlers
• Most French settlers
came for the fur trade
• And missionaries,
spreading Christianity
• Had much better
relationship with Native
Americans
18
Navigation
Acts>>Colonial
trade is “restricted”.
By 1688 England does not
enforce laws if colonies
maintain economic loyalty to
England
 Colonies pretty much left
alone known as Salutary
Neglect
19
Beginning of the
End
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20
Why was the policy of Salutary Neglect the
first step in the colonies’ quest for
independence?
***Colonies got very used to being left alone
by England & making their own decisions
Still loyal to England but developing taste for
self govt.
French and Indian war
French and Indians vs. British Why?
1754-1760
• Who can
defend
colonists?
• http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=VuQ5SzExJNc
21

Benjamin Franklin (A&E Library Video)
Assignment

Enlightenment>>Leading figure: Benjamin Franklin
was a symbol of mobility and individualism.
Enlightenment and Great Awakening had similar
results: people question old ideas and authority
How did Benjamin Franklin exemplify
individualism and social mobility? Was he born into
wealth, and how did he become successful and well
known? Social mobility is the ability one achieves to
move up or down the social hierarchy (rich, middle, or
poor), resulting in a higher or lower social class of
wealth and status.
Write a 1/2 page response to the video citing
specific examples answering this question.

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22
1756  War Is Formally
Declared!
• France claims land/builds a fort in
Ohio>>> already belonged to British
settlers>>>both claim same land
• William Pitt helps British Win>
Iroquois join British
• 1759 British capture Quebec
and win French and Indian war
• battle scene
• Book pg 89
24
1763  Treaty of Paris
At the end of the war
France --> lost their Canadian
possessions, most of her empire to England
England --> got all French lands in
Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean
slave trade, future American colonies
North America in 1763
• Colonists want to
move west.
• Indians don’t want
them there.
• British intervene
• Proclamation Line
of 1763
• Colonists can’t
move west of this
line
• established to keep
colonists in and
Indians out.
Effects of the War
on Britain?
1. It increased her colonial empire in
the Americas.
2.Cost A LOT OF $$$$$ to send troops
to defend the colonists>> Debt for
England
Britain wants colonists to help pay for
cost of their defense.>>>TAXES
The Aftermath: Tensions
Along the Frontier
1763  Pontiac’s Rebellion
Ottawan chief>>captures 8
British forts- Indian
attacks on settlers
Fort Detroit
British “gifts” of smallpox-infected
blankets from Fort Pitt.