Name: _______________________ Date: ______________
Period: _____________
Unit 5 Study Guide
1. Describe the jobs of the circulatory system.
 Carry needed substances to the cells
 Carry waste products away from the cells
 Fight Disease
2. The Heart: Completed as a worksheet in class
a. Label the following parts of the heart by writing the correct letter from the
picture next to the correct name in the word bank below.
b. Color the heart like we did in class. Oxygenated Blood = Red; Carbon Dioxide
Blood (no oxygen)= Blue
Left Ventricle
Right Atrium
Superior Vena Cava
Right Ventricle
Valve
Inferior Vena Cava
Left Atrium
Aorta
Pulmonary Artery
Pulmonary Vein
3. Describe how blood travels through the heart. Tell me where the blood enters the heart,
how/where it moves through the heart, and how/where it leaves the heart.
Blood enters the body through veins and flow into the atrium. The atrium squeezes
the blood through the valves and into the ventricles. The ventricles squeeze the blood
into an artery and out of the heat.
4. Complete the chart below with the correct blood vessel, blood vessel structure, and
blood vessel function.
Blood Vessel
Blood Vessel Function
Blood Vessel Structure
Artery
Very thick wall,
Carry blood away from
withstands large pressure,
the heart
smooth inside
Capillary
Vein
Carry oxygen and glucose
to body cells away and
carbon dioxide away from
body cells
Carry blood to heart
Thin walls and tiny
Thicker than capillaries but
thinner than arteries
5. Describe the two loops of blood flow in detail.
Once oxygen is inhaled into the lungs, oxygenated blood travels through blood vessels
from the lungs to the heart. The oxygenated blood then travels away from the heart in
the arteries to the body cells. This blood then travels into the capillaries where the
capillaries give the body cells oxygen from the blood and the body cells give the blood
carbon dioxide. The blood is now carbon dioxide blood. This blood travels through the
veins towards the heart. The heart then pumps this carbon dioxide blood to the lungs so
the carbon dioxide can be exhaled.
6. What are the parts of blood and their percentages?
a. ___55%______ Plasma
b. ____44.5%_____ Red Blood Cells
c. _____0.5%____ White Blood Cells and Platelets
7. Draw a picture of white blood cells and red blood cells.
_Red Blood Cells____
__White Blood Cells______
8. What is the name of the fluid that moves through the lymphatic system?
Lympj
9. Name 3 parts of the lymphatic system.
Lymph Nodes, Lymph Vessels, Spleen, Tonsils
10. Why do your lymph nodes get inflamed (swell up) when you are sick?
White blood cells fill lymph nodes and lymph nodes swell up
11. What did Joseph Lister do?
Hypothesized that microorganisms made people sick
12. Define pathogen
An organism that causes a diseas
13. Describe each of the following:
a. Bacteria: single celled microorganisms
b. Virus: tiny non-living particles that cannot reproduce unless living in a host cell
c. Protist: tiny multicellular organisms
d. Fungi: Molds and yeasts that grow best in warm, dark, moist places
14. In what two ways do bacteria cause diseases?
1. directly attack cells
2. Produce toxins that kill cells
15. What are the ways pathogens can infect humans.
Soil, Food, Water, Infected Animal, Infected human, Contaminated objects
16. List 3 three lines of defense in your body.
1. barriers to keep out pathogens 2. Inflammatory Response
3. Immune
System
17. What is in your breathing passageways that help to trap and kill pathogens?
Cilia and Mucus
18. What is the purpose of sneezing and coughing?
Get pathogens out of your body
19. Describe what happens during the inflammatory response.
Blood vessels widen and increase blood flow to the area to increase the number of
white blood cells near the pathogen. This makes the area look red and swollen but
helps your body fight infection
20. What is the purpose of a fever?
Many pathogens cannot grow or reproduce at high temperatures
21. Describe in detail how the immune system kills pathogens.
When you have a fever, your immune system is called into action. T Cells are the first ones
on the scene. These cells are responsible for identifying what pathogen is inside your
body. They do this by recognizing the antigen that is on the pathogen. These cells then tell
the B cells what pathogen is present. These cells produce a protein called antibodies. This
protein gets thrown on the pathogen and marks it for destruction. Once the pathogen is
covered in antibodies, another white blood cell comes to destroy the pathogen.
Extra Credit for Period 2
22. What is active immunity and how do you get it?
Active immunity is when you get a disease or vaccine and your body responds to the
pathogen by producing antibodies. Your T and B cells remember the pathogen and can
fight it off quicker in the future.
23. What is passive immunity and how do you get it?
Passive immunity is when you get antibodies from someone else (injection or from
your mom as an infant). These antibodies can fight diseases for a short time but since
they weren’t made by your body, this immunity doesn’t last very long.
24. Why are antibiotics unable to kill viruses?
Viruses are non-living, therefore they cannot be killed.
25. How do vaccinations help us?
Vaccinations are when you are injected with a weakened or dead form of a pathogen
but your body still responds by creating antibodies. Your T and B cells remember what
it looks like so if you get that pathogen in the future your body can fight it off before
you ever get sick.