AP Biology
Campbell Reading Guide
Name __________________
Chapter 48: Nervous Systems
1. What are the three steps in information processing and what neurons are
involved?
2. Outline the organization of the vertebrate nervous system.
a. Central nervous system-
b. Peripheral nervous system -
3. Label the diagram of a typical neuron
4. Give the functions of the following supporting cells:
a. astrocytesb.oligodendrocytesc. Schwann cells-
5. Explain how a neuron maintains a -70 mV potential.
Adapted from the work of Ms. Foglia
6. Detail the stages of the “action potential.” Use the graph and diagrams below to
indicate what is happening at the membrane in each stage. Include the terms;
hyperpolarization, depolarization, resting state, undershoot, threshold
1.
2.
3.
5.
7. List several factors that affect the speed at which action potentials are
conducted.
8. What is meant by salutatory conduction?
9. Describe what happens in the pre-synaptic axon when an impulse reaches the
terminal end of the axon.
10. How does an impulse propagate down the axon?
Adapted from the work of Ms. Foglia
11. Describe what happens at the synapse.
12. What is a ligand-gated ion channel?
13. Make some brief notes about the differential action of neurotransmitters
a. Acetylcholine ________________________________________________
b. Dopamine ___________________________________________________
c. Serotonin ___________________________________________________
d. Norepinephrine ______________________________________________
e. Glutamate ___________________________________________________
f. Glysine & GABA _____________________________________________
g. Substance P _________________________________________________
h. Nitric oxide _________________________________________________
14. Trace the variations in nervous systems in the animal kingdom.(pg 1012)
15. The peripheral nervous system is divided into two sub systems- the somatic
and autonomic systems. The autonomic system is further divided into the
sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric. Explain the functions of the bold
faced terms.
Adapted from the work of Ms. Foglia
16. Trace the reflex pathway by naming the structures.(p.1013)
17. Label the major components of the human brain and indicate their functions.
18. Make some notes on the following injuries and diseases
a. schizophrenia
b. depression
c. alzheimer’s disease
d. parkinson’s disease
e. bipolar disorder-
Adapted from the work of Ms. Foglia