SSUSH13
The Student will identify
major efforts to reform
American society and
politics in the Progressive
Era.
Reform
Movements in the
Progressive Era
Preview and Processing
1.
Who is the man
in the picture?
2. What position
did he hold?
3. Where was this
picture taken?
Progressive Era
1890-1920
• The progressive movement were reform
efforts that were meant to give people
opportunities and correct injustices.
• Goals:
•
•
•
•
Protecting social welfare
Promoting moral improvement
Creating economic improvements
Fostering efficiency
Progressive Presidents
Theodore Roosevelt
William Howard Taft
Woodrow Wilson
Theodore Roosevelt
•
•
•
•
1858-New York City
Sickly child
Books caused love for outdoors
1895-NYC Police Commissioner
• Merit system
• War of 1898/Spanish American
War
• Rough Riders-San Juan Hill
• 1899- Governor of New York
• 1900 election-VP
to McKinley
(Republican)
• Sept. 6, 1901McKinley
assassinated
• 26th president
Roosevelt’s Presidency
• Federal responsibility
for welfare programs
• Publicity campaigns=
model for future
presidents
• “bully pulpit”
– Square Deal
Federal Government Responsible for:
• Trustbusting
Sherman Antitrust Act
• Railroad Regulation
Elkins Act
Hepburn Act
• Regulating Food and Drugs
Meat Inspection Act
Pure Food and Drug Act
• Land Conservation
National Reclamation Act
Yosemite National Park
Yellowstone National Park
1908 Election
• William Howard Taft-Republican (wins)
• William Jennings Bryan-Democrat
“Vote for Taft this time, You can vote for Bryan
anytime.”
Taft
• Born in 1857-son of a judge
• Yale Graduate
• Federal Circuit Judge by 34. Aspirations for Supreme
Court
• Civil Administrator in the Philippines(roads, school,
economy)
• Appointed by TR as Secretary of War
Taft’s Presidency
• “Cautiously Progressive”
• The Payne-Aldrich Tariff
• Land Disputes
– Secretary of the Interior: Richard A. Ballinger
– 1 million acres
Progressives vs. Old Guard
• Republican Party splits
• 1912- Bull Moose Party
“Welfare of the people”
• “as strong as a bull moose”- Roosevelt
Bull Moose Party
• Advocated for:
– Women’s suffrage
– 8 hour workday
– minimum wage for women
– Federal law against child labor
– Direct election of senators (17th Amendment)
– Initiative
– Recall
– Referendum
Making the Connection
Define :
1. Initiative
2. Recall
3. Referendum
1912 Election
• Republicans: William H. Taft
• Bull Moose: Theodore Roosevelt
• Democrats: Woodrow Wilson (wins)
Election
• Ran on “New Freedom”
• Antitrust, banking reform, reduced tariffs
• National American Woman Suffrage
Association (NAWSA) marched on Wilson’s
inauguration.
Wilson
• Born 1856 in Virginia
• Son of a Presbyterian minister
• College of New Jersey (Princeton)
• lawyer/history professor/Princeton University
professor
• 1910 Governor of New Jersey
Wilson’s Presidency
• 2 antitrust measures:
1. Clayton Antitrust Act
2. Federal Trade Commission
• New Tax system
Underwood Act
• 16th Amendment-Federal
Income Tax
• Federal Reserve Act of 1913
Federal Reserve System
• 1910:Wyoming, Utah, Colorado,
Washington, and Idaho
• 1919: Women’s Suffrage (19th Amendment)
Muckrakers
Muckrakers
• Journalists
• John Bunyan’s
Pilgrim’s
Progress
• Examples:
• Ida Tarbell
• Upton
Sinclair
• Jacob Riis
Upton Sinclair
• The Jungle
• Chicago
meatpacking
industry
• Meat Inspection
Act
Ida Tarbell
• History of the
Standard Oil
Company
Making the Connection
1. What is the definition of a muckraker?
2. What are some of the issues that present
day muckrakers could report on now?
Reform Movements
3 part strategy for suffrage
– Tried to convince legislatures
for right to vote
– Pursued court cases (using 14th
Amendment)
– Pushed for an amendment that
gave them the right to vote
Addam’s Hull House
• Influenced by Toynbee
Hall
• Ellen G. Starr and Jane
Addams
1889
• Civic Responsibility
• Day care, libraries, classes,
employment bureau
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
• March 25, 1911
• Horrible safety missions
• Locked doors
• 146 Employees dead
• Gained support for workers’ unions
• Government now had power to make laws to
protect the workers
• Workplace conditions had to be improved
Jim Crow
• Poll tax/Grandfather clause
• Segregation laws
• Schools/hospitals/parks/transportation
• Lynching
NAACP
• National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People
• Formed in 1909
• W.E.B. Du Bois, Mary White Ovington, Ida B.
Wells, Henry Moskowitz
• 1917: 9,000
1919: 90,000
300+ local branches
Plessy v. Ferguson
• 1896
• Separate but equal
Making the Connection
1. Who were the progressives?
2. How successful were the progressives in
making progress?
Progressive Amendments
• 16 Amendment: income tax
• 17 Amendment: Direct Election of senators
• 19 Amendment: Women’s Suffrage