Physiological Support Systems Revision Questions
1. Describe the components of the integumentary system.
Skin and structures derived from it.
Hairs, nails, sweat and oil glands
2. Describe the functions of the integumentary system.
Eliminates some wastes (salts)
Waterproofs, cushions, protects deeper tissue
Detects sensations such as touch, pressure, pain warmth, & cold.
Regulates body temp
Helps make vitamin D
3. Describe the components of the skeletal system.
Bones, cartilages, ligaments, joints
4. Describe the functions of the skeletal system.
Support & protect the body
Provides a specific area for muscle attachments
Stores cells that produce blood cells
Stores minerals & lipids.
Framework for muscles & movement
5. Describe the components of the muscular system.
Specifically refers to skeletal muscle tissue
Which is muscle usually attached to bones
Other muscle includes smooth & cardiac
6. Describe the functions of the muscular system.
Participates in bring about movements (locomotion)
Maintains posture
Produces heat
7. Describe the components of the nervous system.
Brain, spinal cord, nerves & sense organs such as the eyes & ears.
8. Describe the functions of the nervous system.
Fast-acting central control system
Responds to external/internal stimuli via nerve impulses
Regulates body activities through nerve impulses by detecting changes in the environment
Interpreting the changes & responding to the changes by bring about muscle contractions or
glandular secretions.
9. Describe the components of the endocrine system.
All glands and tissues that produce chemical regulators of body functions (hormones)
Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, thymus, pancreas, ovaries, testes…...
10. Describe the functions of the endocrine system.
Slow-acting control system
Glands produce hormones that regulate growth, reproduction, metabolism…..
Regulate body activities through hormones transported by the blood to various target organs.
11. Describe the components of the cardiovascular system.
Blood, heart & blood vessels
12. Describe the functions of the cardiovascular system.
Heart pumps blood through blood vessels
Blood carries O2 & nutrients to cells & CO2 & wastes away from cells
Helps regulate acidity, temperature, & water content of body fluids
Blood components help defend against disease & mend damaged blood vessels
13. Describe the components of the lymphatic system.
Lymphatic fluid & vessels; spleen; thymus, lymph nodes & tonsils
Cells that carry out immune response
14. Describe the functions of the lymphatic system.
Complements circulatory system by returning leaked fluids & proteins back to blood vessels
Carries lipids from gastrointestinal tract to blood
Cleanses the blood
Involved in immunity
15. Describe the components of the respiratory system.
Lungs & air passages: pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea and bronchial tubes
16. Describe the functions of the respiratory system.
Transfers O2 from inhaled air to blood & CO2 from blood to exhaled air
Helps regulate acidity of body fluids
Air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds
17. Describe the components of the digestive system.
Organs of gastrointestinal tract [mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines & large
intestines, rectum & anus]
Accessory digestive organs: salivary glands, liver, gallbladder
& pancreas.
18. Describe the functions of the digestive system.
Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food;
Absorbs nutrients & eliminates solid waste.
19. Describe the components of the urinary system.
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, & urethra
20. Describe the functions of the urinary system.
Produces, stores and eliminates nitrogenous waste from the body (urea & uric acid)
Regulates volume & chemical composition of blood
Helps regulate acidity of body’s fluids
Maintains body’s electrolyte & mineral balance
Helps regulate red blood cell production
21. Describe the components of the reproductive system.
Male
Seminal vesicles, prostate, penis, vas deferens, testis, scrotum
Female
Ovaries, mammary glands, uterus, vagina, uterine tube
22. Describe the functions of the reproductive system.
Primary function for both sexes is to produce offspring
Male – testes produce sperm & male sex hormones
Female – ovaries produce eggs & female sex hormones
Mammary glands produce milk
23. Complete the following table:
System
Digestive
Components
23.1
23.2
Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands
Skeletal
Bones, joints, cartilages
Endocrine
23.4
Lymphatic
Lymphatic fluid, spleen,
thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils
23.6
Cardiovascular
Urinary
23.8
Kidneys, utterers, bladder,
urethra
Lungs, air passages, pharynx,
larynx
Nervous
Brain, spinal cord, nerves
23.10
Prostate, vas deferens,
scrotum, ovaries, mammary
glands, uterus
Skeletal muscles, cardiac and
smooth muscles
Muscular
Functions
Achieves physical and chemical
breakdown of food, absorb
nutrients
Waterproofs, cushions,
regulates body temperature,
detects sensations
23.3
Slow-acting control system,
regulates growth,
reproduction, metabolism
23.5
Transport oxygen and carbon
dioxide, blood defends against
disease, regulate acidity, water
content
23.7
Transfer oxygen from inhaled
air and carbon dioxide from
exhaled air, regulate acidity of
body fluids
23.9
Produce offspring, produce
sperm and ovaries
23.11