Proportion
Misc.
Grab Bag
Ratios
Intro
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A random event characterized as
either a “success” or a “failure”.
What is a “Bernoulli trial”?
The proportion of individuals
with a condition at a point in
time.
What is “prevalence”?
One minus p-hat.
What is q-hat?
This symbol represents the
proportion in the population.
What is parameter p?
This rule is used to determine
whether a z statistic can be use to
test a proportion.
What is the “npq rule”?
Shows the extent to which the
sample mean difference would
take on different values with
repeated samples of the same
size.
What is the standard error of the
mean difference?
The characteristics of a sampling
distributions that allow for
inference.
What are its assumed
“distributional conditions”?
The hypothetical distribution of
p̂ upon repeated samples.
What is the sampling distribution
of p̂ ?
The standard deviation of p̂
(a measure of its precision)
What is the standard error of
p̂ ?
Subtracting the incidence in the
unexposed group from that of the
exposed group.
What is risk difference?
The hypothetical distribution of
p-hat1 minus p-hat2 upon
repeated samples.
What is the sampling distribution
of p̂ 1 - p̂ 2?
The standard deviation of the
sampling distribution of the
difference of proportions
(measures precision of the
estimate)
What is the standard error of
pˆ1  pˆ 2
The symbol used to denote total
number of successes divided by
the total number of observations
in two samples.
What is
p̂ pooled ?
This is the complement of alpha.
What is the confidence (1-α)?
A statistical test in which the
alternative hypothesis prespecifies the direction of the
difference.
What is the one-sided test?
The alpha level at which we
would reject the null hypothesis.
What is significance level?
The type of error that occurs with
rejection of a true null
hypothesis.
What is Type I Error?
The type of error that comes with
retaining an incorrect null
hypothesis.
What is Type II error?
Denotes the probability of a type
II error.
What is beta (ß)?
The complement of ß: the
probability of rejecting a false
null hypothesis.
What is the power (1-ß)?
A numerical value calculated
from data in a sample.
What is a statistic?
The hypothetical distribution of a
mean that would occur from
repeated SRSs of size n from the
same population.
What is the sampling distribution
of the mean (SDM)?
This statistic indicates how much
a particular sample mean is likely
to differ from the population
mean.
What is the standard error of the
mean?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!
Just kidding!
(Pick another slide.)
The larger the sample, the more
likely the sample mean will be
about equal to the population
mean.
What is the “law of large
numbers”?