PARTS OF SPEECH
NOUNS
What are nouns?
People, places, things, ideas
Zeinab, Qatar Academy, hamster, courage
What types of nouns are there?
Proper noun – Khalifa Naimi
Common noun – pencil
Collective noun – family, faculty, the police
Compound noun – summer camp, seafood, Iceland
You can tell a noun by putting “the” in front of it!
Several large rodents chewed nastily on the dead leg of the rotten corpse. (3 nouns!)
PRONOUNS
What are pronouns?
Pronouns take the place of a normal noun!
That, this, it, she, he, him, which, themselves, who
When do you use pronouns?
To replace a noun
My dog is all wet; he needs a bath
To show ownership
My brother is famous; his soccer skills are amazing!
To refer to something
You talk too much; that is really annoying
To refer to yourself
I created that website by myself
To refer to people or things that are not there
This all needs cleaning up by someone
To ask a question about a person or thing
Who is going to clean this up? What should we do?
Verb
1. Definition: A verb is a word used to express action
or a state of being. The verb says something about
the subject of a sentence.
2. Examples:
a. Physical action: jump, run, shout, search, carry
b. Mental action: worry, think, believe, imagine,
remember
3. The verb appears after the subject (middle of the
sentence) or at the beginning of a sentence
(question)
“You always play too much football”
“Have you seen the dog?|
ADJECTIVES
Def: An adjective is a words used to describe another word to
make its meaning more definite. It modifies the word telling
what kind, which one, how much or how many.
Examples: tall woman, funny joke, sour lemon.
How to use it: to use an adjective correctly you have to
understand where to put it in a sentence. It describes another
word making it more specific. It has to be right next to the
word it describes. For example, in the phrase sour lemon, the
adjective is sour because it describes the lemon.
http://www.englischhilfen.de/en/exercises/adjectives1/index.php
PREPOSITIONS
Definition: A preposition is a word used to show the
relationship of a noun or a pronoun to another word in
the sentence.
Examples:
- About
- Above
- Before
- Across
- After
- Beneath
- Inside
- In, of, on, for, to, at, by
Know to use: It must have a noun after it, otherwise the
sentence won’t make sense.
Example: I came from Berlin.
I came from… (X)
http://www.manythings.org/vocabulary/games/k/words.php?f=prepos
itions
ADVERBS
Adverbs
Definition
-Adverbs are parts of speech that act as adjectives that
describe verbs OR adjectives
-They basically answer questions such as: how, in that way,
when, where, and to what extent.
- Mostly end in ‘ly’ ( “he went quickly”)
- They can function anywhere in the sentence there is a
verb or adjective to describe
Examples:
-
Rapidly ( I spoke rapidly)
-
Promptly
-
Quickly
-
Slowly
-
Smartly
-
Delicately
Well, good, fine, (irregular ones) (She plays the piano
well)
Really ( That boy is really smart – really describes an
adjective, smart)
WEBSITES:
-
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/410/grammar/adverb.htm
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http://www.esldesk.com/grammar/adverbs
-
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/adverbs.htm
-
http://www.quia.com/ba/8086.html
The last one is a game
CONJUCTIONS
What are conjunctions?
They CONNECT words, sentence parts, whole sentences.
Conjunctions are JUNCTIONS that function as connecting
points
What types of conjunctions are there?
The main ones are:
1) COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: FANBOYS
FOR, AND, NOR, BUT, OR, YET SO
“I want pizza, AND I need to go shopping.”
2) SUBORDINATING CONJUNTIONS: although, because,
since, whenever, etc.
These help you make a subordinating clause (a minisentence that DEPENDS on a main sentence to make
sense.
“ALTHOUGH you like pizza, we will eat Indian food tonight.”
These types of conjunctions are important to know to fix FRAGMENT sentences in
your writing:
“ I want to eat pizza. Although my mom like Indian food.” (second ‘sentence’ is a
fragment error)
2) CORRELLATIVE CONJUNCTIONS: connect two ideas
with a double conjunction: either…or, neither…nor, not
only….but, both….and
These help you connect two ideas:
“I need BOTH your homework AND your essays.”
“You are being NEITHER polite NOR helpful.”
INTERJECTIONS
What are interjections?
They EXPRESS EMOTION in a brief expression
Examples: Ouch! Darn! Oh, sugar! Really? Ihlif! Wallah!
The grumpy old man said, “Ugh, dirty kids.”