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Industrialization Changes Way of Life + Unionization and Legislative Reform
Reading Guide
Pages 258-260 & 270-271
I. Industrialization Changes Way of Life
1. For centuries, most Europeans lived in rural areas. Industrialization changed this.
Explain.- People moved into cities and towns to find jobs.
2. What is urbanization?- city building and movement of people of cities.
3. Why did factories develop in clusters?- because businesses owners built factories
near resources.
4. Why was it important to have a large population during the Industrial Age?- Factories
needed people to work.
5. No plans__, _no sanitary codes___, and _no building codes____ controlled the
growth of England’s cities.
6. The cities lacked three things for its residents. Identify those three things.
Adequate housing, education, and police protection
7. Describe living conditions.- unpaved streets had no drains and streets filled with
garbage
8. Describe working conditions.- 14 hours workdays, 6 days a week, and frequent
accidents,
9. What is the middle class? class of skilled workers, professionals, and business
people
10. Why did the middle class benefit the most from industrialization?- they became
wealthy
11. How did the new middle class transform the social structure of Great Britain?- they
started making decisions for society
12. Identify four positive effects of the Industrial Revolution.
Created jobs, contributed to the wealth of the nation, fostered technological and
increased production and standard of living.
13. Identify two long-term effects of the Industrial Revolution.- most people can afford
goods that once were thought to be luxury goods and working conditions improved.
II. Unionization and Legislative Reform
14. What is a union?- workers joined voluntary associations.
15. Why did workers join unions?- to press for reforms
16. Explain collective bargaining.- workers bargained for better working conditions.
17. Why did skilled workers lead the way in forming unions?- it would give them more
bargaining power
18. British unions had shared goals of __raising wages_______ and
__improving conditions________________.
19. Explain the Factory Act of 1833.- outlawed child labor for kids under 9
20. Explain the Mines Act of 1842.- prevented kids and women from working in
mines
21. Explain the Ten Hours Act of 1847.- limited the workday for women and children
working in factories