Nutrition:
The Nutrients
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Nutrients- Compounds in food that the body requires for proper growth, maintenance,
and functioning.
Nutrient Deficiencies- Too little of one or more nutrients in the diet.
Malnutrition- Results of the body of poor nutrition.
Undernutrition- Too little food energy or too few nutrients in the diet to prevent
disease or to promote growth.
Overnutrition- Too much food energy or excess nutrients to the degree of causing
disease or increasing risk of disease.
Carbohydrate- Class of nutrients made of sugars; these nutrients include sugar, starch,
and fiber.
Fat- Class of nutrients that doesn’t mix with water. Fat is mostly made up of fatty acids,
which provide energy to the body.
Protein- Protein Class of nutrients that builds body tissues and supplies energy. Made
up of amino acids.
Vitamins- Essential nutrients that do not yield energy, but that are required for growth
and proper functioning of the body.
Minerals- Elements of the Earth needed in the diet, which perform many functions in
body tissues.
Energy- Capacity to do work or produce heat
Glucose- Body’s blood sugar; a simple carbohydrate.
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Fatty Acids- Simple forms of fat that supply energy fuel for most of the body’s cells.
Amino Acids- Simple forms of fat of protein normally used to build tissues or, under
some conditions, burned for energy
Toxin- A poison
Calories- Units used to measure energy. Calories indicate how much energy can be
used by the body or stored in body fat.
Glycogen- Form in which the liver and muscles store glucose.
Hypothalamus- Brain regulatory system.
Balanced Meal- Meal with foods to provide the right amounts of carbohydrate, fat, and
protein.
Digestion- Breaking down of food into nutrients the body can use.
Starch- Carbohydrate, main food energy source for human beings.
Fiber- indigestible substances in foods, made mostly of carbohydrate.
Sugars- Carbohydrates found in both food and in the body.
Constipation- Hard, slow stools that are difficult to eliminate; often a result of too little
fiber in the diet.
Hemorrhoids- Swollen painful rectal veins; often the result of constipation.
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Rectum- Last part of the digestive tract, through which stools are eliminated.
Empty Calories- Popular term referring to foods that contribute much energy but too
little of the food nutrients.
Saturated- Concerning fats and health, those fats associated strongly with heart and
artery disease: mainly fats from animal sources.
Unsaturated- Concerning fats and heath, fats less associated with heart and artery
disease; mainly fats from plant sources.
Polyunsaturated- Type of unsaturated fat especially useful as a replacement for
saturated fat in a heart-healthy diet.
Cholesterol- Type of fat made by the body from saturated fat; a minor part of fat ion
foods
Grams- Units of weight in which many nutrients are measured.
Essential Amino Acids- Amino acids that are needed but cannot be made by the body;
must be eaten in foods
Vegetarians- People who omit meat, fish, and poultry from their diet.
Supplement- Pill, powder, liquid, or the like containing only nutrients.
Deficiency- Too little of a nutrient in the body.
Fat-Soluble- Chemist’s term meaning “able to dissolve in fat.”
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Water-Soluble- Able to dissolve in water.
Night Blindness- Slow recovery of vision after flashes of bright light at night; early
symptom of vitamin A deficiency.
Antioxidant- Chemical that can stop the destructive chain reaction of free radicals.
Beta-Carotene- Orange vegetable pigment that the body can change into the active form
of vitamin A.
Free Radicals- Chemicals that can harm the body’s tissues by starting destructive chain
reactions in the molecules of the body.
Osteoporosis- Disease of gradual bone loss, which can cripple people in later life.
Anemia- Reduced number or size of the red blood cells.
Trace Minerals- Minerals essential in nutrition, needed in small quantities daily.
Electrolytes- Minerals that carry electrical charges that help maintain the body’s fluid
balance.
Salt- Compound made of minerals that, in water, dissolve and form electrolytes.
Hypertension- High blood pressure.
Urine- Fluid wastes removed from the body by the kidneys.
Benefits of Nutrition
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Good nutrition helps people stay strong , fit
and healthy.
Overnutrition and undernutrition are equally
dangerous to your health.
Undernutrition is the lack of nutrients your
body needs to survive. Overnutrition on the
other hand is too many nutrients or foods .
Too help with your bodies nutrition you can
follow these dietary guidelines
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1 . Eat a variety of foods.
2. Balance the food you eat with physical
activity.
3. Choose a diet with plenty of grain products
, vegetables and fruits
4. Choose a diet low in fat , saturated fat and
cholesterol
5. Choose a diet moderate in sugars
6. Choose a diet moderate in salt and sodium.
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1: Write a sentence using each term.
2: Explain the difference between over and
under nutrition.
3: List three benefits of good nutrition.
4: List the 6 dietary guidelines for Americans
How to choose Nutritious Foods
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The best possible way to avoid over eating
calories and still meet your bodies nutrient
needs is to follow the food guide pyramid.
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Have 6 servings of bread, cereal , rice , and pasta
group.
Three from the vegetables group.
Two servings from the fruit group.
Two servings from the diary group.
Two servings from the meat , poultry , fish , dry
beans , eggs , and nuts group.
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1: Write a sentence using each term.
2: What is the best possible way to meet all the
bodies nutritious needs?
3: How can you avoid consuming large
amounts of calories and still meet the bodies
nutritious needs?
4: From which food group should you eat 6
servings?
Energy from Food
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Calories are used to measure energy.
Energy is the ability to produce heat
Your body draws glucose from the calories you
do not use. Glucose is the bodies sugar storage.
When you are hungry your appetite sends out
the hunger signal.
Protein is your bodies blood sugar.
Carbohydrates are simple forms of protein.
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The number of calories effects how much
glucose . If u eat too many , your body will
store more than needed.
The body taps into the stored glucose if you do
not get enough from the foods you eat.
A balanced meal is the best source of energy
for the body because you get all the needed
nutrients and plenty of calories without over
doing it.
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What are the units used to measure energy in
food ?
What is the bodies storage form of sugar called?
The (blank) sends out the hunger signal.
(blank) is the bodies blood sugar.
The capacity to produce heat or do work is (blank).
(blank) are simple forms of protein.
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Explain how the number of calories in a food
reflects its fattening power.
How does the body meet its glucose need if you
have not eaten?
Why is a balanced meal considered the best
source of energy for the body?
The Carbohydrates
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Fibers are not a source of energy for the body.
Your body is unable to digest them. Which if
you eat too much of can lead to constipation .
Also trying to pass the hard stools created by
constipation may lead to hemorrhoids.
Foods that contribute many calories but not
many nutrients contain fats.
But fibers aren’t always bad , just too many can
hurt , if you limit your fibers it helps
strengthen your digestive tract.
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1: Explain the relationship between fiber and
composition.
2: What does fiber have to do with
hemorrhoids?
3: Foods that contribute a lot of calories but
insufficient nutrients contain (blank).
4: Explain the effect of starchy foods on brain
functioning.
5: Why is it beneficial to obtain adequate
amounts of fiber in your diet?
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6: What danger is there in consuming large
amounts of sugar?
7: Give 2 examples of each . Foods in
carbohydrates , foods in fiber , foods in high
sugar.
The Fats
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There are two different types of fats. Saturated and
Unsaturated fat.
Saturated fats come from animals and are
associated with the heart.
Unsaturated come from plants are a associated
with arteries.
Your body digests these and you get your
nutrients from them .
Nutrients are measured in grams.
The man function of fat in the body is to provide
glucose.
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Three steps you can take to control the amount
of fat in your diet.
Choose lean meats with no visible fats.
 Don’t choose fried foods.
 Trim all the fat you can see on your meat.
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1: What is the difference between saturated and
unsaturated fats?
2: A type of fat made from saturated fats is..?
3: Many nutrients are measured in…?
4: What is fats main function ?
5: List benefits of limiting fats in your diet
6: List steps in controlling the fat in your diet.
7: why should nutrient %’s be averaged?
8:What info is given by daily values on food
labels?
Protein
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Proteins main use in the body is to supply
amino acids.
Meats and Wheat are good sources of protein.
One sign of protein deficiencies are lack of
essential amino acids and bone loss.
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1: Write a sentence using each glossary term.
2: What is the function of protein in the body?
3: What foods are the best sources of protein?
4: What are some signs of protein deficiency?
Vitamins
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Two classes of vitamins are Water soluble and fat
soluble.
Water soluble are able to dissolve in water. Fat are
able to dissolve in fat.
Powdered pill that contains only vitamins is call a
vitamin pill.
Deficiency is a lack a of a essential vitamin.
If you lack vitamin A you will become blind at
night if this continues you could be permanently
blinded.
Thiamin helps the body get energy from other
nutrients.
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1: Two classes of vitamins are ….?
2: Powdered pill that contains only nutrients is
a ….?
3: A (blank) is a condition in which the body
lack essential nutrient.
4: What is the difference between a watersoluble and a fat soluble?
5: What is the result of vitamin A deficiency?
6: What vitamin helps the body use energy
from other nutrients?
Minerals
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Osteoporosis is a disease that causes bone loss.
Osteoporosis is caused is caused by lack of
protein.
Anemia is a reduced number of blood cells.
This is caused by lack of electrolytes .
Electrolytes main function is to keep the fluids
running in your body.
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1: Write a sentence using each term.
2: (blank)is a disease of gradual bone loss.
3: (blank) is a condition in which a reduction in
the number and size of the red blood cells is
seen.
4: Where is most of the bodies calcium stored?
5: List four foods that provide calcium.
6: Give an example of a trace mineral and a
food source for that mineral.
What is an important function of electrolytes?
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List the six Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
Discuss the impacts that overnutrition and
undernutrition have on the body.
Identify the six classes of nutrients.
List the types and quantities of nutritious foods
suggested for teenagers in the Daily Food Guide.
Design a balanced meal.
Describe the functions and food sources for
carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Estimate your daily fat allowance, and describes
some strategies to control the daily amount of fat in
your diet.
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Explain why some amino acids are called essential amino
acids
Describe the differences between fat-soluble and watersoluble vitamins.
Identify the essential vitamins, their functions and food
sources.
Explain the dangers of high doses of vitamins and minerals
Identify the vitamins that acts that act as antioxidants in the
body, and describe their role in disease prevention.
Identify the essential minerals, their functions, and food
sources.
Discuss the problems associated with a vitamin or mineral
deficiency.
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The common one contains the mineral sodium
Essential nutrients that help release energy from foods
Minerals needed only in small amounts daily
Minerals that carry electrical charges
Sugar, starch, and fiber
Breaking down food into nutrients the body can use
Fructose
Underweight or overweight
Not digestible by human beings
Explain the difference between the following terms:
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Calorie and empty calorie
Glucose and glycogen
3. Explain the relationship between a supplement and
a deficiency
4. a. (blank) is a type of fat made from saturated fats
in the body
b. People known as (blank) basically eliminate
meat, fish, and poultry from their diets
c. The last part of the digestive tract is called the
(blank)
d. Riboflavin, niacin, and thiamin are examples of
(blank)
e. Calcium, fluoride, and phosphorus are examples
of (blank)
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1. Why do you need to include a wide variety of foods in your
diet?
2. Name two groups of people that are prone to nutrient
deficiencies and discuss the resulting problem.
3. Plan a meal using the food guide pyramid .
4. Explain while alcohol is not a nutrient.
5. Explain how starchy foods improve the efficiency of the body.
6.Explain how fiber aids the digestive process.
7. What are the 4 sugars that are important in nutrition?
8. List 3 dangers of high fiber diets.
9.What are the recommended %’s for carbohydrate , fat , and
protein for a healthy diet.
10 .List 3 types of food information found on a food label.
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11. What is the difference between amino acids and essential
amino acids?
12. List 4 foods that are high is protein but low in fat and calories?
13. Explain why excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins are more
dangerous than excess amounts of water soluble vitamins.
14. Why do teenagers diets tend to lack vitamin A?
15. Name the diseases antioxidants are supposed to protect
against.
16. What is the most abundant mineral found in the body .
17. How much milk do teenagers need to drink to meet the daily
calcium recommendations?
18. What is the major function of iron in the body?
19. Give 2 reasons why a person might be iron deficient.
20. What is the difference between salt and hypertension?