Colonization of America
The student will describe how early European
exploration and colonization resulted in cultural
interactions among Europeans, Africans and
Native Americans
SOL Questions
1. Why did Europeans come to America?
2. What were the consequences of the
interactions of the American, European, and
African nations?
3. Who were the VA Cavaliers?
3 Worlds Collide
The greatness of early American civilizations made
them a target of the greedy Spanish. These
conquistadores came in search of the gold and
silver and other riches of the area.
This collision of cultures led to the destruction of
most early civilizations. Those that did not die from
warfare; fell to diseases brought by the Europeans.
Why did Europeans come to America? What made
them interested in exploration? (Religious
Freedom & Economic Opportunity)
EUROPE
AFRICA
AMERICA
The Lost Colony:
Sir Walter Raleigh
In 1587, the Virginia Company,
financed by Sir Walter Raleigh,
sponsored the first permanent
English settlement in the New
World. One hundred men and 17
women landed on
Roanoke
island,
1587
The
Lost
off of the Virginia coast.
Colony
Sir Walter Raleigh
John White returned to England to
Entire
Colony
Disappeared
obtain additional supplies. When
he returned, nearly three years
later, he found a deserted colony.
The only clue as to the
whereabouts of the colonists was
the word "CROATOAN." To this
day, the fate of these colonists
remains a mystery.
The Ferry (to Jamestown) at Scotland Wharf
1607-The first permanent English
settlement in North America.
• Jamestown is founded by the VA Company of
London as a Joint-Stock Venture
Why did they come to VA?
• Was settled for economic gains
by the Virginia Company.
Cavaliers
Were the English
nobility who received
large land grants in VA
from the King of
England and helped
settle the colony.
4. The settlers did not always get along---fights,
struggles for power.
5. Conflict with the Powhatan Indians.
1609 THE STARVING TIMES
John Smith leaves and relations with the Indians go sour.
The Colonists were on their own to find food.
1612
• John Rolfe introduces
Tobacco.
• It becomes a cash
crop.
1618
• The Head right system begins in
Jamestown.
•1st Africans arrive in 1619
Advertisement
urging people
to come to VA
1619
Jamestown Important Dates
• 1612-Tobacco is developed
• 1619
* VA House of Burgesses
* 1st women come to the colony
What was the first elected
assembly (lawmaking body)
in the New World?
The VA House of
Burgesses (1619)
1624
• Jamestown becomes a royal colony. It is
placed under the direct control of the King.
3 Types of Colonies
1. Charter Colonies
2. Proprietary Colonies
3. Royal Colonies
1676
Bacon’s Rebellion
I will burn Jamestown
if it will not treat all
people equal.
The colonists of the Virginia
colony were not always happy
with their situation.
Nathaniel Bacon led a revolt
against the plantation owners
of Jamestown because he felt
poor people were being
ignored.
TOBACCO
RICE
The Southern Colonies.
Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
• Huge plantations
that grew cash
crops dominated the
southern lands.
INDIGO
Shirley
Plantation
What was the major reason
for the settlement of Virginia
and the other Southern
colonies?
Economic
Opportunity
SOL 1 Vocabulary
•
•
•
•
•
•
Cavaliers
Indentured Servants
VA House of Burgesses
Middle Passage
Cash Crops
CHARTER-The King grants permission
to colonists to establish a
Settlement.
SOL Notebook Questions
5. Why was the VA House of Burgesses
important?
6. Difference between Slave & Indentured
Servant
7.Why did Bacon’s Rebellion occur?
8. Importance of the Mayflower Compact
9. How were the Puritans & Pilgrims different?
What was the
major reason
for the settlement
of New England?
RELIGIOUS
FREEDOM
Who settled at Plymouth,
Massachusetts in 1620?
The Separatists,
who were
commonly
called the
Pilgrims.
The Puritan Way of Life
Plan of Government
• The Puritans form a
“covenant community”
based on the
Mayflower Compact.
• They were very
INTOLERANT of
other religions.
• They practice Direct
Democracy through
TOWN MEETINGS.
The Mayflower Compact
The Pilgrim male
settlers at Plymouth
signed an agreement
that helped establish
the notion of selfgovernment in the
Americas.
The Mayflower
The Mayflower brought the
first group of Pilgrims to
North America in 1620.
The ship sailed from
Plymouth, England, on
September 16, 1620, with
102 passengers. The ship
was headed for Virginia,
where the colonists had been
authorized to settle.
Squanto lived with the Pilgrims for 18 months.
He died of a fever in1622.
http://www.scholastic.com/scholastic_thanksgiving/
Who settled the
Massachusetts Bay Colony?
THE PURITANS
Their leader
was John
Winthrop.
The New England Colonies
• New England was
settled by the Puritans.
We are seeking
Religious
Freedom!
Massachusetts
Connecticut
Rhode Island
New Hampshire
Rhode Island-Roger Williams
Rhode Island was
founded by dissenters
fleeing persecution
from the Puritans
in Massachusetts.
• Practiced freedom of
religion.
• Anne Hutchinson fled
to Rhode Island.
Salem Witch Trials
The Salem witch trials occurred in
colonial Massachusetts between 1692
and 1693. More than 200 people were
accused of practicing witchcraft.
20 were executed.
Eventually, the colony admitted the
trials were a mistake.
Economy of New England
• Based of Shipbuilding. Fishing, lumbering,
subsistence farming.
Middle Colonies
•
•
•
•
•
DIVERSITY
Quakers in Penn.
Catholics in Maryland
Dutch in New York
Generally believed in
more religious
tolerance than New
England.
• Mostly small farmers
and business owners
The Dutch settle in New
York (New Netherlands).
1664 the Dutch are forced
out of New York by the
English.
Pennsylvania is
established as a
place for QUAKERS
to worship.
What two groups of colonists
generally believed in religious
tolerance?
1. Quakers-Pennsylvania
2. Roman
Catholics-Maryland
Economy of the Middle Colonies
• Based of Shipbuilding. Trading,
subsistence farming.
• Major Ports: Baltimore, New York,
Philadelphia
• Known as the “bread basket” because of
the fields of wheat, oats, barley
Why was slavery introduced in the South?
Journey to
America for
slaves.
• The African
The
Triangular
slave trade and
Trade
Route
the development
brought
of a slave labor
system resulted
Africans
to the
from plantation
English
economies and
colonies.
labor shortages.
Define indentured servant?
A person who agreed to work
a certain number of years in
exchange for payment of his
passage to America.
James Oglethorpe
establishes Georgia as a
colony for debtors.
What about the Indians?
• Violent confrontations between the
Europeans & the Native American led to
the downfall of Native Tribes.
• Disease also killed thousands of Indians.
• However the French & Indians forged a
cooperative alliance.
As the 3 worlds
collided, things would
change forever.
I knew I
should have
burned that
Fort down.
Religious movement of the
mid-1700s that preached
“fire and brimstone”
sermons to encourage
spiritual rebirth.
• Jonathan Edwards & George
Whitefield were two key figures.