Triumph of Parliament in England Book Outline
Honors European Studies
I.
Name__________________________________
The Tudors and Parliament
A. From 1485-1603 England was ruled by the _________ Dynasty. Though the Tudors believed
in __________________, they shrewdly recognized the value of good relations with
Parliament.
B. Parliament was used to being consulted by the monarch on important matters
a. Example:
b. Example:
c. Example:
II.
Early Stuarts
A. Elizabeth died in _________ and passed the thrown to her relatives, the _________, ruling
family of _________. They were not as popular as the Tudors. The result was a “________
___________________” that pitted the Stuart monarchs against __________________.
B. Royal Challenge – __________________ was the first Stuart monarch. He claimed absolute
power, lecturing Parliament on __________________. He clashed with Parliament over
_________ and _________ policy. In order to finance wars without the consent of Parliament,
he dissolved Parliament and collected _________ on his own. James also had issues with
_________, or Protestants that wanted to “purify” the Church of England of Catholic practices.
As a result, today we have the __________________ Bible.
C. Parliament Responds – In 1625 _________________ inherited the throne. Charles summoned
Parliament when he needed to raise _________. Parliament demanded that he sign the
__________________________, prohibiting the king from raising taxes without Parliament’s
consent. He signed the petition and then dissolved Parliament.
D. The Long Parliament – Parliament met on and off for 13 years. Parliament tried Charles’ chief
ministers and _________ them. In 1642, Charles attempted to arrest radical leaders of
Parliament. This would lead to the ___________________________.
III.
English Civil War
A. Civil War lasted from __________________.
B. Cavaliers and Roundheads – _________________ were supporters of __________________.
They expected a quick victory. The forces of Parliament were known as __________________.
They were composed of country gentry, town-dwelling manufacturers, and Puritan clergy. The
Roundhead leader was __________________. Under Cromwell, the Roundheads defeated the
Cavaliers and by _________ the King was in the hands of Parliamentary forces.
C. Execution of a King – Parliament set up a court and put Charles on _________. In 1649 he gave
the signal himself and the executioner severed the king’s _________ with a single stroke. For
the first time, a ruling monarch had been tried and executed by his own _________. Parliament
sent a clear signal that no ruler could claim absolute power and ignore the rule of law.
IV.
The Commonwealth
A. After the Civil War the House of Commons declared England a _________ under the leadership
of Oliver Cromwell.
B. Challenges to the Commonwealth – Supporters of __________________, heir to the throne,
attacked England. Parliament passed a law exiling most _______________ after the Irish
attacked. Squabbles also splintered forces within the Commonwealth. The ________________
thought that the _________ men should have as much say in government as the gentry,
lawyers, and other leading citizens. Cromwell suppressed these and other radical groups and
soon granted himself the title __________________. From then on he ruled through the
_________.
C. End of the Commonwealth – Cromwell died in _________ and the Puritans soon lost their grip
on England. Many people were tired of _________ rule and in 1660 a newly elected Parliament
invited ________________ to return to England to rule.
V.
From Restoration to Glorious Revolution
A. Charles II was a popular ruler. He restored the official ___________________________ but
tolerated other _________________ such as Presbyterians, Quakers, and Baptists. Although he
accepted the Petition of Right he shared his father’s faith in ___________________________.
B. A New Clash With Parliament – In 1685 Charles’ brother _________________ inherited the
throne. He angered his subjects by flaunting his ________________ faith, suspending laws, and
appointing Catholics to __________________. In 1688 Parliament invited James’ Protestant
daughter _________ and her Dutch husband _________ to rule England. James II fled to France
and the bloodless overthrow of a king became known as the ___________________________.
C. English Bill of Rights – The Bill of Rights ensured the superiority of Parliament over the
________________. It required the monarchy to summon Parliament regularly and gave the
power of the _________. A king or queen could no longer interfere with Parliamentary debates.
It also barred any __________________ from sitting on the throne.
a. Other traditional rights of English citizens that the Bill or Rights restored were:
i. ______________________________________________________
ii. ______________________________________________________
iii. ______________________________________________________
iv. ______________________________________________________
b. The _________________________ of 1689 granted limited _________ freedoms to
Puritans, Quakers, and other dissenters, though not yet Catholics. Only members of the
___________________________ could hold public office.
Triumph of Parliament in England Book Outline
Honors European Studies
Page 421-425
VI.
Name__________________________________
The Tudors and Parliament
C. From 1485-1603 England was ruled by the Tudor Dynasty. Though the Tudors believed in
Devine Right, they shrewdly recognized the value of good relations with Parliament.
D. Parliament was used to being consulted by the monarch on important manners
a. Example: Approval of the Act of Supremacy when Henry VIII broke with the Roman
Catholic Church
b. Levying new taxes to pay for wars
c. Queen Elizabeth’s marriage or issues of foreign affairs
VII.
Early Stuarts
E. Elizabeth died in 1603 and passed the thrown to her relatives, the Stuarts, ruling family of
Scotland. They were not as popular as the Tudors. The result was a “century of revolution” that
pitted the Stuart monarchs against Parliament.
F. Royal Challenge – James I was the first Stuart monarch. He claimed absolute power, lecturing
Parliament on Divine Right. He clashed with Parliament over money and foreign policy. In order
to finance wars without the consent of Parliament, he dissolved Parliament and collected taxes
on his own. James also had issues with Puritans, or Protestants that wanted to “purify” the
Church of England of Catholic practices. As a result, today we have the King James Bible.
G. Parliament Responds – In 1625 Charles I inherited the throne. Charles summoned Parliament
when he needed to raise taxes. Parliament demanded that he sign the Petition of Right,
prohibiting the king from raising taxes without Parliament’s consent. He signed the petition and
then dissolved Parliament.
H. The Long Parliament – Parliament met on and off for 13 years. Parliament tried Charles’ chief
ministers and executed them. In 1642, Charles attempted to arrest radical leaders of
Parliament. This would lead to the English Civil War.
VIII.
English Civil War
D. Civil War lasted from 1642-1649.
E. Cavaliers and Roundheads – Cavaliers were supporters of Charles I. They expected a quick
victory. The forces of Parliament were known as Roundheads. They were composed of country
gentry, town-dwelling manufacturers, and Puritan clergy. The Roundhead leader was Oliver
Cromwell. Under Cromwell, the Roundheads defeated the Cavaliers and by 1647 the King was in
the hands of Parliamentary forces.
F. Execution of a King – Parliament set up a court and put Charles on trial. In 1649 he gave the
signal himself and the executioner severed the king’s head with a single stroke. For the first
time, a ruling monarch had been tried and executed by his own people. Parliament sent a clear
signal that no ruler could claim absolute power and ignore the rule of law.
IX.
The Commonwealth
D. After the Civil War the House of Commons declared England a Commonwealth under the
leadership of Oliver Cromwell.
E. Challenges to the Commonwealth – Supporters of Charles II, heir to the throne, attacked
England. Parliament passed a law exiling most Catholics after the Irish attacked. Squabbles also
splintered forces within the Commonwealth. The Levellers thought that the poor men should
have as much say in government as the gentry, lawyers, and other leading citizens. Cromwell
suppressed these and other radical groups and soon granted himself the title Lord Protector.
From then on he ruled through the army.
F. End of the Commonwealth – Cromwell died in 1658 and the Puritans soon lost their grip on
England. Many people were tired of military rule and in 1660 a newly elected Parliament invited
Charles II to return to England to rule.
X.
From Restoration to Glorious Revolution
D. Charles II was a popular ruler. He restored the official Church of England but tolerated other
Protestants such as Presbyterians, Quakers, and Baptists. Although he accepted the Petition of
Right he shared his father’s faith in absolute monarchy.
E. A New Clash With Parliament – In 1685 Charles’ brother James II inherited the throne. He
angered his subjects by flaunting his Catholic faith, suspending laws, and appointing Catholics to
high office. In 1688 Parliament invited James’ Protestant daughter Mary and her Dutch husband
William to rule England. James II fled to France and the bloodless overthrow of a king became
known as the Glorious Revolution.
F. English Bill of Rights – The Bill of Rights ensured the superiority of Parliament over the
monarchy. It required the monarchy to summon Parliament regularly and gave the power of
the purse. A king or queen could no longer interfere with Parliamentary debates. It also barred
any Roman Catholic from sitting on the throne.
a. Other traditional rights of English citizens that the Bill or Rights restored were:
i. Trial by jury
ii. Abolition of excessive fines
iii. Abolition of cruel and unusual punishment
iv. Habeas corpus
b. The Toleration Act of 1689 granted limited religious freedoms to Puritans, Quakers, and
other dissenters, though not yet Catholics. Only members of the Church of England
could hold public office.