Socials 9
Mr. Kelly
Name: ________________________
Date: ________ Period: _______
The English Civil War and the End of the Monarchy
1.
Why did Charles probably believe he would have a quick victory?
 Many of his supporters came from noble families and were used to fighting and riding.
 These nobles also provided foot soldiers and cavalry.
 He had experienced commanders, such as his nephew Prince Rupert.
 Parliament’s troops were local militia, often farmers and townspeople with no experience and training.
2.
Who were the Cavaliers?
 They were the supporters of Charles (derived from the French word chevalier “horseman”)
 Many from the nobility
3.
Who were the “Roundheads”?
 They were the soldiers in parliament’s army. They were called roundheads because they cut their hair short, instead of the long curls of the cavaliers.
4.
Describe in detail, the new model army, including who was in it, who led it, and why it was effective.
 This was the army of roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell. They were very religious (Puritan) disciplined and well-equipped. They could be promoted based on their performance and ability, rather than because of nobility.
5.
Using figure 4-17 on page 140, describe in paragraph form the major battles of the English Civil war and what happened to Charles.
 The first major battle, at Edge Hill was the first battle in the war, with Charles marching on London.
However, as both sides are inexperienced, there is no decisive victory. At Adwalton Moor, the
Royalist suffer a major defeat as their 10 000 soldiers are defeated by only 4000 Parliamentary soldiers.

At Marston Moor a few days later, the Royalist suffer another major defeat at the hands of the
Roundheads under Cromwell. The Royalists retreat from Northern England. Almost a year later, in
June of 1645, the Royalist Army is destroyed by the New Model Army at the Battle of Naseby. This decisive victory means the end for Charles I. he will never be able to raise another army.
6.
How were women active during the civil war?
 Some managed the estates while their husbands were away fighting.
 Other supported their families even as Royalist and Parliamentary forces plundered their homes.
 Some remained with their husbands, travelling with them to the battlefields
 Others campaigned, unsuccessfully, for better working conditions and equal rights.
7.
What was the “Rump parliament”?
 Parliament was divided over what to do with Charles. A Puritan commander, Colonel Pride, led his soldiers in a purge of Parliament, ridding it of the more moderate members. Those left behind charged the king with treason and tyranny and put him on trial.
8.
What was Charles charged with? What was the proof used to support this charge?
 Charles was charged with treason. The agreement he had signed with the Scots that he would support Presbyterianism in England in exchange for their military aid against Parliament was used as evidence to support the charge of treason.
9.
Read the passage spoken by Charles during his trial (page 142). Do you think his views on the
Divine Right of kings had changed? Give evidence to support your answer.
 “Remember, I am your lawful king: let me know by what lawful authority I am seated here…”
 Charles still sees himself above the law and does not recognize the trial. His views on the divine right of kings has not changed.
10.
What was the outcome of Charles’ trial?
 Charles is found guilty of treason and is beheaded in January of 1649. This ends the monarchy in
England.