Social Development
Fact:
Parents are the first to influence our
social development.
Parenting Styles:
What difference do they
make?
Authoritative Families
Children in these families:
• can assume responsibility for
themselves gradually.
• are more likely to identify with their
parents and perpetuate their values.
• learn from parents who model
responsible, cooperative
independence.
Other influences?
Socialization
The process of learning the rules of behavior of the culture in which an individual
is born and will live.
Three Dimensions of Socialization
1. Learning what the rules are and when to
apply them.
2. Acquiring an identity as a member of a
particular society, of a particular family, and as
an individual.
3. Learning to live with other people and
yourself.
Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development
Oral Stage
birth to 18 mos.
Anal Stage
1 ½ to 3 years
Phallic Stage
3 to 6 years
Latency Stage
6 years to puberty
Genital Stage
puberty to adulthood
Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development
Stage 8: Ego Integrity vs. Despair
Older Adult
Have I lived a full life?
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation
Middle Adult
Will I succeed in life?
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation
Young Adult
Shall I share my life with someone or live alone?
Stage 5: Identity vs. Role Confusion
Early Teens
Who am I?
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority
6-12 years
Am I successful or worthless?
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt
3-6 years
Am I good or bad?
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
1-3 years
Can I do things myself or must I rely on others?
Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust
Early Infancy
Is my world predictable & supportive?
Moral Development
Lawrence Kohlberg