Tanel Baehr
HHP 488 Final
1. Assessing needs, Implementing, Evaluating
2. Assessing the needs of the population is so important because you want to create a
program that the population would benefit from. In addition, you want to know what
would draw the population in and what kind of education materials they would learn
the best from.
3. Written Questionnaires: Advantage: The answers are right in front of you and you can
keep them on file. Disadvantage: People may choose to throw them away or not read
them.
Telephone Interviews: Advantage: You can have a conversation with the person and
clarify one of their answers if needed. Disadvantage: People may choose to hang up or
not answer the phone if they do not recognize the number.
Email Questionnaires: Advantage: You can reach a younger population through the
internet. Disadvantage: People may choose not to take the time to fill it out or just
delete the email.
Group Interviews: Advantage: You can get a lot of data all at one time. Disadvantage:
People might not be completely honest with others around.
4.

PEN—3 Model: Could be used in order to understand high breast cancer
mortality rates in African Americans.

Social Cognitive Theory: Could be used with trying to quit drinking alcohol. If a
person sees that they can decrease alcohol consumption by replacing alcohol
with juice, they begin to believe that they can quit completely.

Stimulus Response Theory: Could be used with weight loss. If a person eats a
cheat meal, they must do a certain number of pushups or situps, which is a
negative stimulus.

Cognitive-Behavior Model of Relapse Process: Could be used with a smoker. If a
person is trying to quit smoking and they smoke one day, they tend to fall back
into the habit of smoking.

Theory of Planned Behavior: Could be used for breastfeeding. If the people
around the person think that breastfeeding is good and the person thinks that
it’s good then they will breastfeed.

Health Belief Model: Could be used for heart disease. If a person knows the
severity of heart disease and realizes that they will not be able to do the things
that they want if they have a heart attack, they are more likely to eat healthy
and get screened regularly.

Stages of Change Model: Could be used for weight loss. A person goes through
these stages and then eventually comes to the action stage where they finally
begin trying to lose weight.

Social Network Theory: Could be used for exercise. If a person is trying to get
into the habit of exercising every day, they are more motivated if they have a
partner they are meeting with each day to exercise.

Theory of Reasoned Action: Could be used to explain breast cancer screenings.
If a person believes that they should get a breast cancer screening and their
friends and family do too, the person will get a breast cancer screening.

Precaution Adoption Model: Could be used for brushing teeth. A person will
either decide to brush their teeth or not. If they choose not to brush their teeth,
the stages stop. If they choose to brush their teeth, the stages continue and the
new behavior is adopted.

Health Action Process Approach: Could be used for quitting smoking. Each
person is in a stage. When a person decides to quit they are an Intender and
they begin to plan. Then, they take action and actually try to quit smoking.

Protection Motivation Theory: Could be used for getting a flu shot. If a person is
afraid of getting the flu, they are going to go to the doctor and get a flu shot.

IMB Model: Could be used for adding calcium into one’s diet. If you give a
person information on why calcium is important for the body and teach them
how to easily add calcium into their diet, they believe that they can do it and
they are motivated. As a result, they will make the behavior change.

ELM Model: Could be used for breast cancer. If a person has a family history of
breast cancer, a person might be more motivated to consider information on
breast cancer, get screenings and change lifestyle if necessary.
5. A) Self-medicating can be dangerous as medications can interact with different foods
and other medications that the person is taking. In addition, taking the wrong
medication for the wrong ailment may cause harm to the body. It is important that
seniors with many different ailments are educated on what medications they should
take for what ailments and what medications are safe for them.
B) The main stakeholders in this situation would be the patient’s doctor or nurse and
their family. It is important that their doctor or nurse knows what medications elderly
people are taking in addition to their prescriptions. It is also important that the family
of the patient knows that the patient is safe and knows what they are doing regarding
medications that they are taking.
C) My planning committee would include doctors and nurses to talk about what
medications are safe to take. In addition, I would include a nutritionist to talk about
interactions with food. I would also include manufacturers of the products, if possible
because I would want to know exactly what the medication should be used for and what
it should not be used for.
D) I would have people go from door to door and ask what medications each resident
takes and how much of that medication that they take. I would then get together with
the committee and discuss the different interactions and medications. We could then
come up with a program for each individual person as well as a group program.
E) I would provide a session for each resident with my committee in which we discussed
the medications that they are taking. We would also answer any questions. We could
then hold a group program in order to talk about medications in general and which ones
are safe to take for certain ailments.
F) I might choose the IMB Model because I would be giving the residents information
on medications they should be taking and which ones they should not be taking. In
addition we are teaching what they should take for what ailments. This is giving the
residents to motivation and self-efficacy to change their behavior.
6. A) Arizona: Minority Healthcare (There are a large amount of Hispanics), Abortions (There
are a fair amount of abortions), Teen Births (There is a high amount of teens giving birth), and
Childhood Obesity (The number is one of the highest in the country).
Nebraska: Low Birth Weight (There are a fair amount of low weight births), Teen Births (There
is a fair amount of teens giving birth), Oral Health (There are a fair amount of children with oral
problems), Child Deaths (There are a fair amount of child deaths).
B) Childhood Obesity in Arizona: The goal of this program is to help children to develop healthy
lifestyles. This includes making healthy food choices and getting physical activity daily.
Through these actions, children will be able to maintain a more healthy weight and as a result,
have less illness and disease.
My program would include educating kids using MyPlate and other simple methods. I would
also want to teach kids how to make healthy snacks. My program would also teach kids the
importance of eating healthy things and getting enough physical activity for their body. I would
give the kids examples of ways that they could be physically active.
C) Teen Births in Arizona: The goal of this program would be to teach teens (junior high age)
about safe sex and pregnancy prevention. In addition, I would like to discuss abstinence and
how it is the best option.
My program would include a sex education class. The program would include educating about
the different types of contraceptives and learning how to use them. As a result, the teen birth
rate should decrease.
D) Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. One in
every five deaths are from smoking cigarettes. Think of your family when you smoke your next
cigarette. They don’t want to lose you from something that you are doing to yourself.