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Small
Small group project
THE MEDIA AND ITS
THE MEDIA
AND
POWER
IN
BRITISH
LIFE
ITS POWER IN
BRITISH LIFE
1. Гурганова Т. Б.
2. Масютенко А. П.
3. Мынто М. А.
4. Назаренко Н. В.
5. Новикова М. Р.
Гурганова Т. Б.
Масютенко А. П.
Мынто М. А.
Назаренко Н. В.
Новикова М. Р.
TV UK
TV in the UK - one of the best in the world. Briton
proudly say that watching television. Here TV is
considered part of the national culture, and no
one is ashamed.
How it all began
Management of Post and Telegraph in late
1930 commissioned the British Broadcasting
Corporation to create the UK TV - and a few
years later, in 1936, the country began regular
broadcasting. The only TV channel at that
time was, of course, BBC, which showed only
in the south of England. With the onset of
World War II stopped broadcasting in the
country. Returned to television in the UK only
in 1946.
How it all began
Competitor in BBC appeared in 1955. It
was ITV, the first British commercial
television channel. For a long time in the UK
there were only three "button» - BBC One,
BBC Two and ITV. In 1982, in TVs have
another commercial channel - Channel 4,
and then began to open new channels one
by one. Today the country has a little less
than 500 channels - analog, digital, satellite,
network.
CENSORSHIP
Censorship on British television is not, but traditionally some channels
can afford more freedom, some less. Political censorship at all. Show
sex, violence and foul language possible after nine o'clock in the
evening (21:00 - the so-called watershed), when supposed to watch
TV for adults only.
TOP 10- most watched programmes of 2011
1. The Royal Wedding - 13.59m (29 Apr, BBC One)
2. The X Factor Results - 13.46m (11 Dec, ITV1)
3. Strictly Come Dancing Final - 13.34m (17 Dec,
BBC One)
4. The X Factor - 12.92m (2 Oct, ITV1)
5. Britain's Got Talent Final Result - 12.63m (4
Jun, ITV1)
6. Coronation Street 12.56m (14 Feb ITV1)
7. I'm A Celebrity... - 12.47m (13 Nov, ITV1)
8. Britain's Got Talent Final - 12.22 (4 Jun, ITV1)
9. Downton Abbey - 12.15m (11 Nov, ITV1)
10. EastEnders - 11.42m (3 Jan, BBC One)
RATINGS
NEWSPAPERS IN THE UK
 There
are about 1050 newspapers in
the UK.
 Daily newspapers inform readers of
the most important events of the day,
weekly newspapers offer analytical
articles and comments to political,
economical and cultural events of the
previous week.
NEWSPAPERS IN THE UK
British newspapers can be divided into two groups:
quality newspapers and popular newspapers.
 Quality newspapers are more serious, they mainly
reflect political and economical news in and out of the
country.
 Popular newspapers are concentrated on sensations,
private life of famous people, scandal events; they are written
in common language and addressed to common people.
TYPES OF NEWSPAPERS
Broadsheet
They are referred as the
quality newspapers
Such newspapers are
established more then 100
years back
Read mainly by the highly
educated and elite class
Contain political,
industrial, financial and
cultural news
Tabloids
 They are often referred as
the popular newspapers
They are very cheap and
are easily available
 It is read mainly by the
lower income class, labors
and workers
 Sensationalism
National Newspapers
“Qualities or Heavies”
“Populars or Yellow Press”
Dailies
Sundays
Dailies
The Daily
Telegraph
The Guardian
The Sunday
Telegraph
The Observer
The Sun
The Times
The Sunday
Times
The Independent
The Financial
Times
Sundays
The Sunday
Mirror
The Daily Mirror
The Mail on
Sunday
The Daily Mail
The Sunday
Express
The Daily Express The People
The Daily Star
The News of the
World
Quality newspapers
The quality papers are the
papers read by the higher
income classes, include
most important national and
world news items.
The most influential
newspapers are
the Times,
the Daily Telegraph,
the Guardian and
the Financial Times.
THE TIMES
The Times, founded in
1785, is considered to
be the most serious and
influential newspaper in
the country.
The Times is the original
"Times" newspaper,
lending its name to
many other papers
around the world.
According to the British
Business Survey (Sept 2011), The
Times is the No.1 daily newspaper
for business readers and reaches
50% more decision makers than
the Financial Times or the Daily
Telegraph.
 The Times won the Business
and Finance Newspaper Team of
the Year Team Award at the 2011
Press Awards.
The Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph was founded
in 1855 and quickly became
Britain’s best-selling paper with
its mix of sport and politics and
news service.
The Daily Telegraph is a daily
morning broadsheet newspaper
distributed throughout the UK
and internationally.
The Guardian
The Guardian addresses to
well-educated readers
interested in intellectual and
social affairs.
 It is about education,
medical reforms, the problems
of aging people and retirees,
protection of environment, etc.
The Financial Times
 The Financial Times is a
British international business
newspaper.
 The FT specializes in business
and financial news.
 It is the only paper in the UK
providing full daily reports on the
London Stock Exchange and world
markets.
 The
Financial
Times,
historically printed on pink paper,
is read by businessmen.
Popular newspapers
 The most readable popular press newspapers are the Sun,
the Daily Mail, the Daily Express, and the Daily Mirror.
 They use the small or “tabloid” format, partly colored, with a
lot of photographs and humorous drawings, some of which
present striking pictorial comment on politics.

Among popular weekly newspapers there are the
Observer and the Sunday Times. They are thicker than daily
newspapers and contain articles connected with general views
on all aspects of life.
Internet
in British
life
The internet is not the first example of a world-wide communications network; nor are today's online
social-media platforms the first media-sharing ecosystems. The history of the telegraph and the 2,000year history of social media (writing on the walls), evidently show us a historic facts about the
antecedents of the internet, from papyrus scrolls to coffeehouses to pneumatic tubes, and assess what
history can tell us about the internet's future.
The printing press was the big innovation in communications until the telegraph was developed. Printing
remained the key format for mass messages for years afterward, but the telegraph allowed instant
communication over vast distances for the first time in human history. Telegraph usage faded as radio
became easy to use and popularized; as radio was being developed, the telephone quickly became the
fastest way to communicate person-to-person; after television was perfected and content for it was well
developed, it became the dominant form of mass-communication technology; the internet came next, and
newspapers, radio, telephones, and television are being rolled into this far-reaching information medium.
The public internet came along after four decades of television dominance and decades of private internet
use and development. It came along after hundreds of years of inventive thinking and groundbreaking theorizing,
and it built on every bit of human intelligence that had come before. The key innovators were dozens of
scientists whose work covers decades; the entrepreneurs were thousands of political leaders, policy wonks,
technology administrators, government and commercial contractors, and even grassroots organizers.
The UK has been involved with the Internet since it was created. The Internet country code top-level
domain for the United Kingdom is sponsored by Nominet.
Currently Internet access is available to businesses and home users in various forms, including dial-up,
cable, DSL, and wireless. Number of networks such as ARPANET, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and
Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols in the UK. The ARPANET
in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, where multiple separate networks could be
joined together into a network of networks. The first use of the World Wide Web in the UK was during a
collaborative project called the Oracle Tools Alliance Program involving Oracle Corporation (based in Redwood
Shores CA USA) and, amongst others, BT (British Telecommunications plc). This program began in May
1991.File sharing was a required part of the Program. Initially, mailed floppy disks were used. Then in July 1991
access to the Internet was implemented by the BT network engineer Clive Salmon using the BT Packet
Switching Network. A link was established from Ipswich to London for access to the Internet backbone. Access to
the Internet for the project leader, Richard Moulding of BT, was established in July 1991 and the first file transfers
made via a NeXT-based WWW interface were completed in October 1991.Dial-up Internet access was first
introduced in the UK by Pipex in March 1992, having been established during 1991 as the UK's first commercial
Internet provider, and by November 1993 provided Internet service to some 150 customer sites.
This narrowband service has been almost entirely replaced by the new broadband technologies, and is
generally only used as a backup.
Broadband Internet access in the UK was, initially, provided by a large number of regional cable television
and telephone companies which gradually merged into larger groups. The development of digital subscriber line
(DSL) technology has allowed broadband to be delivered via traditional copper telephone cables. Also, Wireless
Broadband is now available in some areas. These three technologies (cable, DSL and wireless) now compete
with each other.
Nowadays the picture has globally changed. We can truly say that this
is an era of Internet revolution.
The Internet moved away everything that British used to have before:
Now we use wi-fi connection instead of cables, e-mails instead of written
letters, online games instead of real toys, Wikipedia instead of books,
Messengers instead of sms, Skype instead of telephone calls. Real world
turned into virtual or cyber world where everything is controlled by
programs.
The term "wireless broadband" generally refers to the provision of
a wireless router with a broadband connection.
Mobile broadband is high-speed Internet access provided by mobile
phone operators using a device that requires a SIM card to access the
service.
A new mobile broadband technology emerging in the United Kingdom is
4G which hopes to replace the old 3G technology currently in use and could
see download speeds increased to 300Mbit/s. The company EE have been
the first company to start developing a full scale 4G network throughout the
United Kingdom. This was later followed by other telecommunications
companies in the UK such as O2 (Telefónica) and Vodafone.
The internet is the most complex network in the world right now, and particularly in the UK. It is a massive hub of
information. An enormously huge amount of traffic flows through it every second. It hosts millions of networks, owned
independently, but still connected with each other.
No one owns the internet or runs it. It’s a totally free place. Billions of users surf the web every day, Thousands
of networks join and unjoin each day, but are still able to seamlessly join and unjoin the internet without disturbing the
existing Internet.
But even though, there are rules, regulations and protocols that makes the Internet non-chaotic. There are
bodies governing and taking care of some of the basic addressing schemes in the Internet namely the IP addresses,
domain names, autonomous system numbers and port numbers.
The Internet tied up the most of the youngest population and children. More than 75% of young people use
Internet every day. A survey on UK school children's access to the Internet commissioned by security company
Westcoastcloud in 2011 found nearly a third of UK children have a mobile phone,15% use smart phones
regularly,10% have an Phone,5% have an iPad,16% have access to a laptop computer,8% have a social networking
account, 25% have an e-mail address, most use their smartphone primarily to make phone calls, but 20% send and
receive text messages, 10% go online, and 5% draft and send email, 50% have no parental controls installed on their
internet connected devices,5% use their phone or laptop when their parents are out,50% of parents said they have
concerns about the lack of controls installed on their children's Internet evices,68% of parents who bought their
children smartphones said they did so to keep better track of their children,17% of surveyed parents bought phones
after being estered by their kids, and most pay around £10 per month on children's phone bills, although 20% pay £20
or more.
The survey gathered answers from 2,000 British parents of children ages 10 and under. The survey was used as
a marketing tool to coincide with the release of estcoastcloud's new iPad Internet content filtering product.
John Perry Barlow, internet activist and co-founder of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, in a 1994 essay for
Wired magazine titled "The Economy of Ideas":
"We're going to have to look at information as though we'd never seen the stuff before ... The economy of the future
will be based on relationship rather than possession. It will be continuous rather than sequential. And finally, in the
years to come, most human exchange will be virtual rather than physical, consisting not of stuff but the stuff of which
dreams are made. Our future business will be conducted in a world made more of verbs than nouns."
Magazines in Britain
A large range of magazines are sold in
the United Kingdom covering most
interests and potential topics. British
magazines and journals that have
achieved worldwide circulation include
The Economist, Nature, and New
Scientist, Private Eye, Hello!, The
Spectator, the Radio Times and NME.
The following table shows the Top 100 Magazines by sales in the UK and
Ireland according to the latest ABC statistics as of February 2015.
Britain's most important magazines
The Englishwoman's Domestic Magazine (1852–1890)
Launched by Samuel Beeton, husband of Mrs Beeton, this changed the face of
women's magazines of the period and opened up an untapped readership with a
magazine aimed at the ordinary housewife. Within three years it was selling 50,000
copies and it can be claimed to have invented the popular women's magazine.
Hello! (1988-)
The Spanish publisher opened the door to the explosion of British celebrity
magazines that followed. Love them or loathe them, they have been at the core of
British magazine publishing for past two decades.
Picture Post (1938-1957)
The weekly photo-journalistic magazine that made a significant impact during the war
and in post-war years covering serious social issues. Visually stunning, it turned
many of its photographers into household names. Hard-edged, never dull, it was a
major force in pictorial publishing.
Punch (1841-2002)
World-renowned satirical magazine and one of the first British magazine brands.
Managed through the years by a succession of famous editors including Henry
Mayhew, Malcolm Muggeridge and Alan Coren, it limped to its death after a brief
resuscitation by Muhammad Al Fayed.
The Economist (1843-)
A journal that has always set a benchmark in the financial world and that since
the second world war has considerably extended its global influence. It has seen
off many competitors over the years and in many ways represents the gold
standard in heavyweight magazine publishing.
Private Eye (1961-)
Surely the Punch de nos jours! Along with the BBC's That Was the Week That
Was, it spearheaded the satire boom of the 1960s. Vulgar, scatological impish,
iconoclastic – there has to be such a magazine and Private Eye stands alone.
THE MEDIA
radio
In recent years the availability of more radio frequencies, together
with satellite, cable and microwave transmissions, has already made
a greater number of local, national and international services
possible. The transition from analogue to digital transmission
technology is now expanding this capacity enormously. The Internet
is providing, increasingly, an additional medium for information,
entertainment and communication. People in Britain listen to an
average 15 hours and 50 minutes of radio each week.
People listen to the radio while driving a car.
On the radio one can hear music, plays, news
and various discussions of current events. Lots
of radio stations attract large audience.
Broadcasting in Britain has traditionally been based on the
principle that it is a public service accountable to people. While
retaining the essential public service element, it now also embraces
the principles of competition and choice:
• the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation), which broadcasts
television and radio programmers;
• the Radio Authority, which licenses and regulates commercial radio
services, including cable and satellite.
These bodies work to broad requirements and objectives defined
and endorsed by Parliament, but are otherwise independent in their
daily conduct of business.
BBC Network Radio serves an audience of 29 each week,
transmitting 24 hours a day on its five national networks. BBC has
39 local radio stations serving England and the Channel Islands,
and regional and community radio services in Scotland, Wales and
Northern Ireland. BBC World Service broadcasts by radio in English
and 42 other languages world – wide. It has a global weekly
audience of at least 140 million listeners. BBC World Service radio is
funded by a government grant.
•
The most prominent stations are the national
networks operated by the BBC.
•
BBC Radio 1 broadcasts mostly current pop music output on FM and digital
radio, with live music throughout the year
•
BBC Radio 2 is the United Kingdom's most listened to radio station, featuring
presenters such as Chris Evans and Terry Wogan, and playing popular music
from the last five decades as well as special interest programmes in the evening
•
BBC Radio 3 is a classical music station, broadcasting high-quality concerts and
performances. At night, it transmits a wide range of jazz and world music
•
BBC Radio 4 is a current affairs and speech station, with news, debate and
radio drama. It broadcasts the daily radio soap The Archers, as well as flagship
news programme Today
•
BBC Radio 5 Live broadcasts live news and sports commentary with phone-in
debates and studio guests
•
The introduction of digital radio technology led to the
launch of several new BBC stations:
•
BBC 1Xtra broadcasts rap, RnB and drum'n'bass
•
BBC Radio 4 Extra broadcasts comedy, drama and shows which extend or supplement popular
programmes on its sister station, Radio 4, including The Archers spin off Ambridge Extra and
archived episodes of Desert Island Discs
•
BBC 6 Music transmits predominantly alternative rock, with many live sessions
•
BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra is a companion to Five Live for additional events coverage
•
BBC Asian Network is aimed at the large South Asian community in the United Kingdom (also
available on AM in some areas)
•
The BBC also provide 40 local radio services, mainly broadcasting a mix of local news and music
aimed at an older audience.
Independent radio programmer companies operate
under license to the Radio Authority and are financed
mainly by advertising revenue. There are three
independent national services:
Classic FM, broadcasting mainly classical music;
Virgin 1215, playing broad – based rock music; and
Talk Radio UK, speech – based service.
About 200 independent local radio services are also in
operation. Stations supply local news and information,
sport, music and other entertainment, education and
consumer advice.
Independent Radio
MASS MEDIA
1.Mass Media plays an important role in the life of society. They inform, educate and
entertain people. They also influence the way people look at the events and
sometimes make them change their views.
2.Millions of people watch TV and read newspapers in their spare time. People listen
to the radio while driving a car. On the radio one can hear music, plays, news and
various discussions of current events. Lots of radio or TV games and films attract large
audience.
3.Newspapers give more detailed reviews of political life, culture and sports. Basically
they are read by the people who are subscribers and those who are interested in
politics.
4.There is a lot of advertising in mass media. Many TV channels, radio stations and
newspapers are owned by different corporations. The owners can advertise whatever
they choose.
5.But we cannot say that Mass Media do not try to raise the cultural level of people or
to develop their tastes. Mass Media bring to millions of homes not only entertainment
and news but also cultural and educational programs.
There is a great number of TV, cable TV and satellite TV channels and lots of radio stations
and newspapers now.