Learning Outcomes
ALL – List the 3 different types of muscle
- Demonstrate the separate categories that
relate to specific movements
- Show your understanding of the 2 different
types of muscular contraction
SOME – Apply your knowledge of muscles &
movement into a table without using the
book
Muscle Test
Deltoid
Biceps
Trapezius
Gluteals
Hamstrings
Latissimus dorsi
Abdominals
Gastrocnemius
Triceps
Quadriceps
Pectorals
Intercostal muscles
3 types of
muscle
Skeletal/
voluntary
Cardiac
Involuntary
You are now the teacher…
In 3’s divide up the 3 types of muscle and you
need to each:
• Explain their role within the body
• Give an example of where one is in the body
How well was you taught??
1. They work constantly
2. They make up the majority of muscles in the
body
3. They are under our conscious control
4. They are found in the walls of the heart
5. These are muscles you cannot control
6. Are found in the walls of the intestines & blood
vessels
7. They are also known as skeletal
Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Cardiac & involuntary
Skeletal/voluntary
Voluntary
Cardiac
Cardiac & Involuntary
Involuntary
Voluntary
Separate categories relating to
specific movements
FLEXORS
muscles that bend
the limb at a joint
by contracting
ADDUCTORS
the muscles that move
a limb towards the body
EXTENSORS
work against the
flexors & straighten
a limb by contracting
ABDUCTORS
move a limb away
from the body
When muscles contract they do so in two
ways:
Isotonic contractions occur when movement is
created.
Concentric – This is when the muscle
shortens
Eccentric – When the muscle
gradually lengthens and returns to
normal length and shape
Fast-paced games require
isotonic contractions.
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© Boardworks Ltd 2006
Isometric contractions
Isometric contractions do not create movement –
they are working to keep the joint stable. The muscle
neither shortens nor lengthens.
This type of contraction occurs in several situations:
© EMPICS Ltd
To support a weight
in a stationary
position.
To hold the body in a
particular position
(e.g., in gymnastics).
Isometric contractions
occur in a rugby scrum
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© Boardworks Ltd 2006
MUSCLES WORK IN PAIRS OR
GROUPS – THEY PULL
BUT
NEVER PUSH
Using this fact try & fill in the
table relating to muscles & their
movement – without the book first
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© Boardworks Ltd 2006
Muscle
Pair/Group
Movement they
allow
Sporting
Example
Biceps & Triceps
Kicking a football
Abdominals
Allow arm to be raised at the
shoulders
Flexing the foot at the ankle Take off phase of any type of
joint
jump
Muscle
Pair/Group
Biceps & Triceps
Hamstrings & Quadriceps
Abdominals & Latissimus
Dorsi
Pectorals & Deltoids
Gastrocnemius / muscle in
front of the leg (don’t need
to know name)
Movement they
allow
Flexion & extension at the
elbow
Flexion & extension at the
knee
Movement around stomach
& waist (bending/twisting)
they also help keep body
upright & straight
Adduction & Abduction of
the arms
Sporting
Example
Throwing Movement such
as javelin or a ball or a
smash in volleyball
Kicking a football and
running movements
Used in specific exercises
such as sit-ups. Also to keep
body straight in movement
Shot Putt, Swimming
strokes, Tennis drive
Flexing & extending the foot Take off phase of any type of
at the ankle joint
jump
Homework
• Revise the muscle pairs/groups and find 2
pictures of sporting examples that show the
movement involved & describe the movement
taking place using KEY TERMS
Email these pictures to Mrs Gregory before next
lesson 