The French Revolution
1. What is a revolution?
2. What would cause a
revolution to occur?
LOUIS XIV 1643- • “L’etat c’est moi” (I
1715
am the state)
• “Sun King”
– Divine Right
Theory
• Increased French
territory
– Warfare
– Taxation
• Cultural Development
– Versailles
– Extravagance
Part I. Old Regime
“The Way Things Were”
•Louis’ Life
•Condition of France
Louis XVI
&
Marie
Antoinette
Louis XIV
Louis XV
• A history of divine right/absolute rule
•Levied taxes on subjects
• Poverty increasing
The People of France
0.5%
1.5%
1st Estate Clergy
2nd Estate Nobles
98%
3rd Estate Commoners
1.How are
the people
of France
divided?
2.What can
you infer
about the
population?
Who makes
up the 98%
of the 3rd
Estate?
98%
• BOURGEOISIE
• Laborers/Peasants
• Sans Culottes
Who was the greatest threat? Why?
Early French Monarchy
How would Enlightenment
thinkers react to such
rule/conditions? Why?
Do Now:
What is
the main
idea of the
cartoon?
Grievances – 3rd Estate
Political
1. Bourgeoisie:
2. Peasants:
3. Sans Culottes:
Economic
Social
Do Now: What does the data in the graph reveal?
The French Urban Poor
80
70
60
50
1787
1788
40
30
20
10
0
% of income spent on bread
Louis XV
1715-1774
• France =
bankrupt
–War Debts
• Never
convened the
Estates General
Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette: 1774-1793
• Inherits bankruptcy crisis
– Bankers refuse to lend more
money
• Unemployment; grain shortages
– Taxes increase
– BREAD RIOTS!
• (1789)Convenes the Estates
General (meeting of the 3 estates)
– has not convened in 175 years
Welcome to the meeting of the
Estates General
• We are here to discuss the financial
crisis facing France today.
• Within your estate, please work together to
figure out a plan for France’s recovery.
– Remember: The people are bankrupt,
unemployed, and starving –
and the banks won’t lend us any more
money!
WHAT SHOULD FRANCE DO?
Traditional Rules Applied:
1. Each estate
entitled to 1
vote!
2. Reps of 3rd
Estate storm out
of meeting!
1st Estate Clergy
2nd Estate Nobles
3rd Estate Commoners
Chapter 19 – The French Rev & Napoleon
III. Radical Days
A.
1.
2.
3.
Downfall of The Monarchy
Outbreaks of Violence
The French Republic
Death of a King and Queen
B. The Convention Under Siege
1. Committee of Public Safety
2. Robespierre
3. The Reign of Terror
C. Reaction and The Directory
D. Women in the Revolution
E. Changes in Daily Life
Stage II. Moderate Stage
(1789-1792)
3rd Estate forms a National Assembly
Tennis Court Oath: promise to
implement a constitution for France!
 Eventually joined by all estates
LOUIS GETS NERVOUS! BRINGS IN TROOPS
Bastille Day – Parisians storm the “Bastille”
July 14, 1789
PRISON
SYMBOLIC ACT
This lead to the “Great Fear”….Why?
The Declaration of the
Rights of Man
(1789)
Constitution of 1791
• Separation of Powers
• Limited Monarchy
• Equality of ALL men
– Rights of nobility are STRIPPED
How do you think French citizens
reacted to the new changes?
How do you think French citizens
reacted to the Declaration of the
Rights of Man?
National Assembly = Different Goals
MODERATES
RADICALS
Extreme
Change
SansCulottes/
Peasants
Limited
Change
Bourgeoisie
CONSERVATIVES
Resists
Change
1st & 2nd
How was the assembly divided?
Response to the Moderate Stage
1. Radicals:
• Not far enough!
Desire a republic!
2. LOUIS XVI
• Tries to flee France
3. Nobility
• Revolution went
too far! Emigrate;
seek foreign help
(Austria & Prussia)
4. Revolutionaries
- Call on soldiers to defend
revolution
- France declares war &
defeats Austria/Prussia
(1792)
- Radicals take over &
setup new administration:
Commune
- Imprison royal family
- Call for National
Convention to write new
constitution
Nationalist (Revolutionary) Spirit
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”
Do Now:
1. What is the purpose of a national
anthem?
2. What emotions do the following songs
evoke (stir up)? Create a list!
A.
B.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kijnCp4n64&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4K1q9Ntcr5g&safety_mode=true&persist_
safety_mode=1&safe=active
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kijnCp4n64&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=
active
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4K1q9Ntcr5g&safety_
mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
http://www.kididdles.com/lyrics/s118.html
http://www.marseillaise.org/english/audio.html
La Marseillaise
Arise children of the fatherland
The day of glory has arrived
Do Now:
Against us stands tyranny
What
is
the
story
The bloody standard is raised
that is being told
Listen to the sound in the fields
The howling of these fearsome soldiers through this
verse?
They come into our arms
and slit the throats of our sons and companions
To arms citizens
Form your battalions
Let’s march, Let’s march
Let impure blood
Water our fields
Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn's early light,
What so proudly we hail'd at the twilight's last
gleaming?
Whose broad stripes and bright stars, thro' the
perilous fight,
O'er the ramparts we watch'd, were so gallantly
streaming?
And the rockets' red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof thro' the night that our flag was still
there.
O say, does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O'er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
III. Radical Stage
(1792-1795)
“Liberty,
Equality,
Fraternity”
Maximilien Robespierre (1793-1794)
“republic of virtue?”
• Leader of National
Convention
– Creates Committee of
Public Safety
– Reign of Terror
– Dictatorship; campaign
against “enemies of
France”
– Execution of Louis XVI
“aid all peoples
wishing to recover
their liberty”
The Execution of
Louis XVI
& Marie Antoniette
(1793)
• Daily trials
•GUILLOTINE
•Approx. 40,000
executions
• MOST VICTIMS
WERE
COMMONERS!
Perspectives on the Reign of Terror
“It is with regret that I pronounce
the fatal truth: Louis ought to
perish rather than a hundred
thousand virtuous citizens; Louis
must die that the country may live”
- Robespierre
Homework:
•
•
Do you agree or disagree? Why?
Did the execution of the King advance
the goals of the revolution or was it a
setback? Explain your answer.
(one paragraph) – Due Tuesday.
French Revolution ~ Film Questions:
1. What happened to Robespierre? Why?
2. How did the Directory govern France? (Stage
IV)
3. What happened to the Directory?
4. Describe the characteristics surrounding
Napoleon’s rule (+/-) ? (Stage V)
Do Now:
What do
you see?
IV. Reactionary Stage
(1795-1799)
• Moderates react to the disorder
• _____________ executed
• Reign of ________ ends
The Directory
(1795-1799)
-------------------------------------• 5 Directors ruled as executive
• Inefficient
• Corrupt
• Coups d’etat
V. Age of Napoleon
(1799-1815)
Directions: Perspectives on Napoleon
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Working with your group:
•
•
Read documents and complete questions.
Create a “Word Splash”
a. Graffiti a piece of paper with…
-key terms/phrases from the reading.
-key words that immediately come to
mind based on the reading.
b. Be prepared to have a speaker to present your
“Splash.”
Your “Splash” should serve as a tool for your
classmates to learn about your perspective!
"His Monument":
Napoleon’s Past and Future Are Filled with Dead Bodies
2.
Do Now:
What would cause a ruler to lose
power?
Create a list of ideas!
“the great Globe itself, and all which inherit it, is too
small to satisfy such insatiable appetites”
“The Plum-Pudding in Danger”
1.
2.
What lands did Napoleon rule?
What would lead to the decline of an empire?
Reasons for
Napoleon’s
Downfall
How did the Napoleonic Code
satisfy the needs of all three
ESTATES in France?
1st
2nd
3rd
Do Now: Identify the meaning of each
cartoon and the reason why it was
created.
1.
“The Drinking King”
In 1815, you are to meet with representatives from France, Russia, Austria,
Prussia, and England to try to come up with a plan that will establish peace
and order throughout Europe. This is not an easy task considering the recent
events with Napoleon.
•Should France be punished severely/spared?
•Divided into several states? Who should rule?
•Who should rule the countries conquered?
• How can we prevent another Napoleon from ruling?
The Impact of the French Revolution:
Europe Post-Napoleon
What happens now?
Congress of Vienna ~ Goals
A meeting to bring order/peace back to Europe
Austria: Metternich
England: Castlereagh
Russia: Tsar Alexander I
1. Establish a “balance of power”
2. Support principle of “legitimacy”
3. Compensation (nations that suffered because of
Napoleon are paid)
Impacts of Revolution ~ France
1. Ends Old Regime
2. Limited Monarchy – Louis XVIII
– Declaration of Rights of Man
– Napoleonic Code
– Bourgeoisie (middle class) gains influence
3. Nationalism
Impacts ~ Outside France
• 1. Spread of Revolutionary Ideas
– Latin America!!
• 2. Birth of Liberalism (reform and
change)
• 3. European Nationalism
• 4. Power shifts from France to England
• 5. Political Boundaries Change
– Austrian control of Italian/German states!