Do First
Questions:
1. What is mass?
2. What is the unit for mass?
Agenda
1. Matter Notes
2. Matter and Changes Practice
Matter
Properties of
matter
Substances
• Matter is anything that has mass and
takes up space
• Matter with a uniform and unchanging
composition is called a pure substance
States of Matter
• A solid has a definite shape and
does not take up the shape of
its container. Particles in a solid
are tightly packed
• A liquid takes the shape of its
container. Particles in a liquid
are not held in place rigidly.
• A gas takes the shape and
volume of its container.
Particles in a gas are very far
apart.
Physical Properties of Matter
• A physical property is a characteristic that
can be observed or measured without
changing the sample’s make-up
• Examples include density, color, odor,
hardness, melting point & boiling point
• Extensive physical properties depend on
the amount of substance present (ex:
mass, volume, length)
• Intensive physical properties do not
depend on the amount of substance
present (ex: density)
Chemical Properties of Matter
• A chemical property is the ability of a
substance to combine with or change into
one or more other substances
Changes in
Matter
Physical Changes
• A physical change alters a substance
without changing its composition
• Examples include: cutting, grinding,
dissolving, changing phases (ex: solid 
liquid)
Chemical Changes
• A chemical change (aka: a chemical
reaction) is a change that results in different
substances
• Examples include:
burning, rusting,
tarnishing,
fermenting,
exploding, cooking,
rotting
Chemical Changes
• REACTANTS in a chemical rxn are the
substances that react (starting substances)
• PRODUCTS in a chemical rxn are the
substances that are formed (ending
substances)
Indicators of Chemical Change
• Change of energy (giving off heat or light)
• Formation of precipitate (solid formed by
two solutions reacting together)
• Production of gas (bubbles, smell)
• Change of color (although, this
could sometimes be physical)
Mixtures of
Matter
Mixtures
• Remember that pure substances have a
uniform and unchanging composition
• A mixture is a combination of two or more
pure substances in which each pure
substance retains its individual chemical
properties
• Mixtures can be separated physically
• Mixtures do not have chemical formulas
• There are two types of mixtures…
Heterogeneous Mixtures
• Heterogeneous mixtures
contain substances that do not
blend smoothly throughout and
in which the individual
substances remain distinct
• Examples: granite, salad
dressing, orange juice with
pulp
Homogeneous Mixtures
• Homogeneous mixtures contain
substances that are evenly distributed
• These are also known as solutions
• Examples: air, salt water, stainless steel
Atoms, Elements
compounds and
molecules
An Analogy…
Imagine going to an ice cream
store. Let's say that they have 30
different flavors of ice cream. The
smallest amount of ice cream that
the store will sell to you is a
scoop. If you want, you can put
two or more scoops of the same
flavor of ice cream together; or,
you can put two or more scoops
of different flavors of ice cream
together.
Elements
• Elements are analogous to the different
flavors of ice cream
• An element is a pure substance that cannot
be separated into simpler substances
• Each element has a unique chemical name
and symbol
• YES - YOU MUST LEARN EACH
ELEMENT’S NAME AND SYMBOL!
Atom
• Atoms are analogous to each scoop of
ice cream
• An atom is the smallest particle of an
element that retains all the properties of that
element
Molecules
• Molecules are analogous to an ice cream
cone with two or more scoops of ice
cream, regardless of the flavors
• A molecule is composed of more than one
atom bonded together
• The atoms of a molecule can be of the same
atom or of different atoms
Compounds
• Compounds are analogous to an ice
cream cone with two or more scoops of
ice cream with at least 2 different flavors
• A compound is made up of atoms of two or
more different elements that are combined
together chemically
Matter
Heterogen.
Mixtures
Homogen.
Mixtures
Pure Substances
Elements
Chemical
Changes
Mixtures
Physical
Changes
Compounds
Matter and Changes Practice
• When you are done, raise you hand and I will
come stamp your paper
• You still have a DYL
DYL
1. Is lucky charms a heterogenous or
homogenous mixture?
2. Is toasting your bread a physical or chemical
change?