RA 1425Ateneo
Jose Rizal: Life and Works
National Heroes Commission
 Spiritual



life
Government
Arts
religion
Heroes
 Lead
people to their rightful destiny
Concept of nation
 Driving
destiny
force in the fulfillment of rightful
Heroes
 May
or may not be declared by la
legislation

-hero by legislation

-hero of the ordinary people
(RA 1425)
 All schools must study the life, works and
writing of Jose Rizal

Claro M. Recto
 Author
 He
of the Bill
drafted the bill to foster nationalism
and civic duty
Section 3 of the Rizal Law

needed in order to promote the reading
of works of Rizal and make his works
readily available to the public.
Rationale of the RA 1425
 -There
values
was a need to return to patriotic
 -imperialist
presence
 -communist
insurgency (Hukbalahap)
Jose P. Laurel revisions
 Students
may seek exemptions from
reading Rizal’s works for religious reasons
 Required
his novels
to read the unedited versions of
 Unexpurgated
versions were made
available in all schools
The Philippines
 Needs
a hero because the youth needs a
role model
A person maybe considered a
hero
Based on
1. The extent of the person’s sacrifices
2. Motive and methods employed in
attaining the ideal
3. The moral character of the person
4. The influence of the person to his age or
epoch and the succeeding eras.
Nationalism
 The
Philippines was influenced by the
French Revolution in the 19th century
Why is it necessary to study
Rizal according to proper
historical context?
 Rizal
was a product of his time
World events during Rizal’s
time
 1.
Mexico, Chile and Argentina have won
their independence
 2.
Philippines, Puerto Rico and Cuba were
remaining Spanish colonies
3. Enlightenment ideas were widespread in
Europe
Enlightenment thinkers
 Greatly
influenced the US Declaration of
Independence and Bill of Rights
 1. Baron de Montesquieu
 2.
John Locke
 3.
Voltaire
Institutionalization of the
French revolution ideas
Through
the Malolos
Constitution
Significance of Suez Canal
Shortened
the travel between
Europe and the Philippines and
increased exchange of ideas
and technology
Cadiz constitution
THE
IT
OLD REGIME DID NOT WANT
LIBERALS
THEY
SUPPORTED THE IDEA
WERE HORRIFIED OF THE
SOCIAL CHANGE
Written constitution
Are
natural rights of men
/women inherent?
19th century reforms in the
Philippines
How
did it affect the
Philippines?
Spanish
Cortes
Significance of the Cadiz
Constitution

1. Representation
2. Freedoms
3. Spanish
Citizens