RIZAL REVIEWER MIDTERMS
BICAMERAL - Joint session of House of
Representative and Senate
CHAPTER 1: UNDERSTANDING THE RIZAL LAW
CHAPTER 2: NATION AND NATIONALISM
*The Rizal Law could be considered a landmark
legislation in the postwar Philippines
RA NO. 1425 - “Rizal Law”
- It was signed by Ramon Magsaysay on
June 12, 1956
- An act include in the curricula of all
public and private schools, colleges and
universities, courses on the life, works
and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly
his novels, Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing
and distribution thereof, and for the
other purpose.
- Primarily set to address “a need for a
re-dedication to the ideals of freedom
and nationalism for which our heroes
lived and died.”
WORLD WAR II - need for nation-building
(ideals of freedom, nationalism, patriotism)
CLARO M. RECTO - the main sponsor and
defendor of the Rizal bill.
SEN. JOSE P. LAUREL - sponsored the bill
HOUSE BILL NO. 5561 - an identical version of
SB 438, was filed by Rep. Jacobo Z. Gonzales on
April 19, 1956.
- Date of approval: May 2, 1956
- Date of debate: May 9, 1956
- A major point of the debate was
whether the compulsory reading of the
texts Noli Me Tangere and EL
Filibusterismo appropriated in the bill
was constitutional.
BILL - measure, that after passing through
Legislative process became law
- Proposed legislation under
consideration by a legislature. A bill
does not become a law until it is passed
by the legislature and in most cases,
approved by the executive.
NOTE: In most cases, after the Secretary of
the President “received” the bill, but the
president did not take action within 30
days, the bill will become a law.
JOSE RIZAL - first hero to use “inang bayan”
MI AMOR PATRIA - love for country
- First essay of Rizal
NATION - a group of people that shares a
common culture, history, language, and other
practices like religion, affinity to a place etc.
STATE - a political entity that wields sovereignty
over a defined territory
- Have laws, taxation, government, and
bureaucracy - basically the means of
regulating life within the territory.
NATION-STATE - state governing a nation
THEORIES ABOUT THE ROOTS OF THE NATION:
1. PRIMORDIALISM - it traces the root of the
nation and national identity to existing and
deep-rooted features of a group of people like
race, language, religion, etc.
- argues that a national identity has always
existed and nations have “ethnic cores”
2. MODERNITY - states that nation, national
identity, and nationalism are products of the
modern condition and shaped by modernity.
3. CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH - very
influential explanation
- this view maintains that nationalism is socially
constructed and imagined by people who
identify with a group.
BENEDICT ANDERSON - argues that nations are
“imagined communities”
*The indigenous intellectual movements like
SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO and BAGONG
KASAYSAYAN introduced the concepts of
KAPWA and BAYAN
KAPWA - is an important concept in the
country’s social relations.
- Supports the notion of unity and
harmony in a community
PANTAYONG PANANAW - a major movement
in the indigenization campaign led by Bagong
Kasaysayan and founded by Zeus Salazar
BAYAN/BANUA - is loosely defined as the
territory where the people live or the actual
community they are identifying with.
- Encompasses both the spatial
community as well as the imagined
community.
*The concept of bayan clashed with the
European notion of nacion during the Spanish
colonialism.
CANDIDA BALANTAC OF ILOCOS NORTE founder of Adarnista or Iglesiang Pilipina
*Like the Catholic Church, the Adarnista also
conducts sacraments such as baptism,
confirmation, marriage, confession, and rites of
the dead.
*Wednesday and Sunday masses at 7:00 in the
morning
*Adarnista has more than 10,000 followers
CHAPTER 3: REMEMBERING RIZAL
KNIGHTS OF RIZAL - members of Caballeros de
Rizal
RIZALISTAS - groups which can be linked to the
long history of millenarian movements in the
country
- A religious movement that believes in
the divinity of Jose Rizal
- These organizations believe that Rizal
has a latin name JOVE REX AL ---- “GOD,
KING OF ALL”
LA INDEPENDENCIA AND EL HERALDO DE LA
REVOLUCION - are revolutionary newspaper
which reported about the Filipinos
commemorating Rizal’s death in various towns
in the country.
MIGUEL DE UNAMUNO - a Spanish writer and
philosopher who gave Rizal the title “Tagalog
Christ” as religious organizations venerating him
had been formed in different parts of the
Philippines.
APOLINARIO DE LA CRUZ - founded the
confraternity Cofradia de San Jose was also
considered “Tagalog Christ” by his followers
FELIPE SALVADOR - founded the messianic
society Santa Iglesia was called his followers as
the “Filipino Christ” and the “King of the
Philippines”
*Each group has its own teachings, practices
and celebrations, but one common belief
among them is the veneration of Jose Rizal as
the reincarnation of Jesus Christ
PASYON - an epic poem which became popular
among the Tagalogs during the Spanish period
GROUPS VENERATING JOSE RIZAL:
1. ADARNISTA OR THE IGLESIANG PILIPINA
2. RIZAL CHURCH OR SAMBAHANG RIZAL founded by the late Basilio Aromin.
- This was established to honor Rizal who
was sent by Bathala to redeem the
Filipino race, like Jesus Christ who
offered His life to save mankind.
BATHALA - is the term used by the early
Filipinos to refer to “God” or “Creator”
*Aromin’s group believed the Rizal is the “Son
of Bathala” in the same way the Jesus Christ is
the “Son of God”.
*Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo serves
as their “bible”
3. IGLESIA WATAWAT NG LAHI (ASSOCIATION
OF THE BANNER OF THE RACE) - is said to have
been established by the Philippine national
heroes and Arsenio de Guzman in 1911.
- biggest Rizalista group with more than
100,000 members
*Guzman preached that Rizal was the “Christ”
and the “Messenger of God”
3 FACTIONS OF IGLESIA WATAWAT NG LAHI:
1. Samahan ng Watawat ng Lahi Presiding
Elders
2. Iglesia Watawat ng Lahi Inc.
3. Iglesia ng Lipi ni Gat Dr. Jose P. Rizal Inc.
4. SUPREMA DE LA IGLESIA DE LA CIUDAD
MISTICA DE DIOS, INC (Supreme Church of the
Mystical City of God) - founded by Maria
Bernarda Balitaan (MBB) in the tagalog region
*Today, Ciudad Mistica is the biggest Rizalista
group located at the foot of Mt. Banahaw in
Brgy Sta Lucia in Dolores, QC.
- Jesus Christ’s work is still unfinished and it will
be continued by Dr. Jose Rizal and the “twelve
lights” of the Philippines
CHAPTER 4: THE LIFE OF JOSE RIZAL
Jose Rizal was born on June 19, 1861 in the
town of Calamba, Laguna.
FRANCISCO MERCADO - Father of Rizal
- Was a wealthy farmer who leased lands
from the Dominican friars.
- He was baptized in Binondo, adopting
“Domingo” as his first name.
- Became one of the richest in Binan and
owned the largest herd of carabaos.
RIZAL - racial “green talk”
PRINCIPALIA - a town aristocracy in Spanish
Philippines
Ilustrado - the “Enlightened ones”
RIZAL AND HIS SIBLINGS:
1. Saturnina
6. Maria
2. Paciano
7. Rizal
3. Narcisa
8. Concepcion - Rizal’s first sorrow
4. Olimpia
9. Josefa
5. Lucia
10. Trinidad
11. Soledad
PACIANO - became Rizal’s second father
DONA TEODORA - Rizal’s first teacher who
taught him how to pray
*He was only 3 years old when he learned the
alphabet.
*Rizal experienced education under private
tutors. --- Maestro Celestino, Maestro Lucas
Padua, and Leon Monroy
*Rizal was sent by his father to Ateneo
Municipal, formerly known as Escuela Pia, for a
six-year program, Bachiller en Artes. He
consistently showed excellence in his academic
performance and graduated with the highest
honors.
*After finishing Bachiller en Artes, Rizal was
sent by Don Francisco to the University of Santo
Tomas. During his freshman year, he attended
the course Philosophy and Letters, also in the
same year, he took vocational course in Ateneo
that gave him the title perito agrimensor
(expert surveyor)
*In his second year at UST, Rizal shifted his
course to Medicine. Rizal’s academic
performance in UST was not as impressive as
that in Ateneo.
RIZAL IN EUROPE
*In this city, Rizal found time to write an essay
entitled “El Amor Patrio” (Love of Country) .
This essay was published on August 20, 1882 in
Diariong Tagalog where he used his pen name
“Laong Laan”
*After the summer vacation, Rizal decided to
move to Madrid where he enrolled in Medicine
and Philosophy and Letters at the Unibersidad
Central de Madrid
*Rizal family faced financial problems brought
about by low crop production because of
drought and locusts aggravated by the hike in
rentals on the haciendas by the Dominicans.
PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT:
1. For the Philippines to be made a province of
Spain so that native Filipinos would have equal
rights accorded to Spaniards
2. Representation of the Philippines in the
Spanish Cortes
3. Secularization of parishes
LA SOLIDARIDAD - Propaganda Movement’s
newspaper
CHAPTER 5
*Many scholars consider the nineteenth
century as an era of profound change in the
Philippines.
*the sectors that greatly benefited from the
changing economy were the Chinese and the
Chinese mestizos.
GALLEON TRADE - this was the form of trade
between the Philippines and Mexico.
- Galleons would sail to Mexico loaded
with goods and return to Philippines
carrying the payment in silver
PACTO DE RETROVENTA - an agreement that
allowed a landowner to sell his/her land with
the guarantee that he/she could buy the land
back at the same price
SANGLEY - term that proliferated in the Spanish
Philippines to refer to people of pure Chinese
descent; came from the Hokkien word “seng-li”-business
independent from the authority of the local
bishop.
PENINSULAR - pure-blooded Spaniards born in
the Iberian Peninsula
INSULAR- Pure-blooded Spaniards born in the
Philippines
MESTIZOS - born of mixed percentage - Spanish
Mestizo and Chinese Mestizos
PRINICIPALIA - Wealthy pure-blooded native
supposedly descended from the Kadataon class
INDIO - Pure-blooded native of the Philippines
CHINO INFIEL - Non-catholic pure blooded
Chinese
CHAPTER 8:
SOCIAL STRATIFICATION - a way by which
people in a society are categorized based on
socio-economic as well as political standards
2. MANAGEMENT OF THE PARISHES
GAROTE - an apparatus used for capital
punishment in which an iron collar is tightened
around a condemned person’s neck
CIRCULO HISPANO-FILIPINO - an organization
under the leadership of a creole, Juan Atayde.
- Earliest attempt to unite the Filipinos
studying in Spain
*The Circulo published a bi-weekly newspaper
titled Revista del Circulo Hispano-Filipino.
CREOLE - a Spaniard born in the Philippines
*Journalism became a means for Filipinos to
engage the Spanish-reading public on issues
concerning the Philippines
GOOD LUCK AND GOBLESS - HUMPIE 
CHAPTER 7
GOMBURZA’S BIGGEST MISTAKE “Secularization of the Philippine parishes”
*Rizal was only 10 years old when the
GOMBURZA priests were executed.
*an oft-cited reason for the mutiny was a
decree released by Governor-General Rafael de
Izquierdo
TYPES OF CLERGY:
1. REGULAR CLERGY - priest who belong to
religious orders
2. SECULAR CLERGY - priests who do not belong
to religious orders and are engaged in pastoral
works
2 ISSUES:
1. EPISCOPAL VISITATIONS
OMNIMODA - bill passed by Pope Adrian VI that
allowed the regulars to administer the
sacraments and act as parish priests