LAYERS OF THE EARTH
Structures of the EARTH
By: Adreana Thompson
& Victoria Wright
CRUST
•
the outermost solid shell of a
rocky planet or natural satellite

The crust amounts to less than
half of 1 percent of the planet.

The crust can be thicker than 80
kilometers in some spots, less
than one kilometer in others.

The crust is primarily made of
granite and basalt while the
mantle beneath is made of
peridotite.
MANTLE
•
The region of the interior of the Earth
between the core (on its inner
surface) and the crust (on its outer).
Note: The mantle is more than two
thousand miles thick and accounts
for more than three-quarters of the
volume of the Earth.
*The Mantle is the second layer of
the Earth.
•
* It is the biggest and takes up 84
percent of the Earth.
•
*The mantle is divided into two
sections.
•
* The Asthenosphere, the bottom
layer of the mantle made of plastic
like fluid and The Lithosphere the top
part of the mantle made of a cold
dense rock.
OUTER CORE
•
The internal structure of Earth. This is
a liquid layer about 2,300 km thick and
composed of iron and nickel that lies
above Earth's solid inner core and
below its mantle. Its outer boundary
lies 2,890 km beneath the Earth's
surface
•
*The Outer Core is the second to last
layer of the Earth.
•
* The outer is a magma like liquid layer
that surrounds the Inner Core and
creates Earth's magnetic field.
•
* The Outer Core is about 2200 km
thick.
•
*It is the second largest layer and
made entirely out of liquid magma.
INNER CORE
The earths innermost part and is a
primarily solid ball about 1200
kilometers.
*The Inner Core is the final layer of
the Earth.
*The core is a solid ball made of
metal.
*The inner-most core makes up 19
percent of the Earth's total volume,
which makes it just 30 percent
smaller than the moon.
FROM THE INSIDE, OUT!
Inner-core
Outer-core
Metallic Liquid.

Solid.


Stabilizes the magnetic field
created by outer core.


Temperature as high as 9,000° F.
Creates Earths magnetic fields
through convection currents and
the Coriolis effects.

Temperatures range from 4,000 to
9,000° F.

Depth ranges from about 1,800 to
3,200 miles.

Depth ranges from about 3,200 to
3,900 miles.
HOW ARE THEY DIFFERENT?
Crust

The crust consists of plates, both
oceanic and continental, which are
in continuous motion.

Thinnest part of the earth.

The thin oceanic crust is composed
of basalt and the thicker
continental crust is composed
primarily of granite.
Mantle

The mantle is liquid, so it allows the
crusts to move, causing long term
continental movements, and in the
short term earthquakes and
volcanoes.

Thickest part of the earth.

Earth's mantle is mainly made up of
olivine-rich rock.
~ *REVIEW* ~
The Earth's interior is composed of four layers, three solid and one liquid, not
magma but molten metal, nearly as hot as the surface of the sun.
The deepest layer is a solid iron ball, about 1,500 miles in diameter.
Above the inner core is the outer core, a shell of liquid iron, this layer is cooler but
still very hot, anywhere from 7,200 to 9,000 degrees Fahrenheit. (composed mostly
of iron.)
The next layer is mantle, many people think it’s lava, but it's actually rock.
The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth. It is the familiar landscape on which we
live: rocks, soil, and seabed. It ranges from about five miles thick beneath the
oceans to an average of about 25 miles thick way beneath the continents.
The interior of the Earth cannot be studied by drilling holes to take samples. Instead,
scientists map the interior by watching how seismic waves from earthquakes are
bent, reflected, or delayed by the various layers.