The Shoah
Jewish Studies 330 / April 5, 2012
Dr. William Glenn Gray
Department of History
Karl Lueger
Mayor of Vienna,
1897-1910
France: the Dreyfus affair
1894: Captain Alfred Dreyfus
convicted of espionage by military
tribunal
1898: evidence of Dreyfus’s
innocence discovered
1898: France divided
into two camps
Theodor Herzl
(1860-1904)
The Jewish State: Attempt
at a modern solution
to the Jewish Question (1896)
Julius Streicher
(1885-1946)
Title pages of Der Stürmer from 1934
“Hitler – our last hope”
Election results for the
NSDAP:
1928 - 2.6%
1930 - 18.3%
July 1932 - 37.3%
Nov. 1932 - 33.1%
President Hindenburg appoints Adolf Hitler as Chancellor
Jan. 30, 1933:
torchlight parades signal
the beginning of a new era
April 1, 1933: the SA organizes a boycott of
Jewish-owned businesses
Everyday anti-Semitism: a bench “only for Aryans”
“Jews not permitted in our German forests”
The NSDAP’s newspaper announces the Nuremberg Laws,
Sept. 1935
Chart interpreting the
Nuremberg Laws
(outlines who may
marry whom)
A race politics lesson at a Nazi leadership academy (1935)
Leo Baeck (1873-1956)
President of the Reich Representation of
German Jews, 1933-1938
German Jews learn shoemaking (1935)
German Jews learn Spanish (1935)
A rubbergoods store
after “Aryanization”
Anti-Semitic outbursts in
Vienna (March 1938):
Jews forced to clean
streets by hand
Identity card of a
German Jew
(ca. 1938)
Polish Jews deported from Nuremberg (Oct. 1938)
Ernst vom Rath
and his killer,
Herschel Grynszpan
(Nov. 7, 1938)
Across Germany,
synagogues burnt
to the ground
(Nov. 9, 1938)
Kristallnacht in Kassel:
The Aftermath
(Nov. 10, 1938)
Broken glass (Nov. 10, 1938)
The concentration camp
at Dachau (est. 1933)
Population in German concentration camps, 1933-39
July 1933
July 1934
1936
1937
1938
1939
26,700
8,000
5,000
8,000
24,000
(for a few weeks, 35,000 Jews)
22,000 (half criminal,
half political)
Confinement of Jews to
ghettos in occupied Poland
The yellow star:
introduced 1940-41
in Germany & across
occupied Europe
The Madagascar Plan:
a destination for Europe’s Jews?
The Einsatzgruppen
and their victims
The Wannsee
Conference,
Jan. 1942
Zyklon-B
Major concentration & extermination camps
Clearing the ghettos
Auschwitz, camp I: “work will make you free”
Auschwitz, camp II: Birkenau
(photos taken in Feb. 1945,
immediately after the camp was
cleared)
Selections at the railway platform in Birkenau
Shocking discoveries by Allied soldiers, spring 1945
Adolf Eichmann
Dr. Josef Mengele,
camp doctor at Auschwitz