Bell Bell Ringer Ringer – 09/14 Voice Level 0 What is an inherited trait? What is an acquired trait? Give an example of each. Learning Target: We will compare Darwin and Lamarck’s theory of evolution and identify scientists that influenced the theory of evolution. Closure task: I can explain Darwin’s theory of evolution. Agenda Bell Ringer 1.What is fitter pre-assessment 2.Darwin & Lamarck reading 3.Scientists that influenced evolution Is it fitter? Complete the handout to the best of your ability Big Question: How do populations change over time? Reading: Theories of evolution You will be reading about two different theories of evolution by Darwin & Lamarck In each group, two people will be reading about Darwin, and two people will be reading about Lamarck 1. Read your scientist individually. 2. Discuss with the other student reading the SAME scientist. 3. Fill in the graphic organizer for your scientist. 4. Share with the remainder of your group and fill in the graphic organizer for the other scientist. Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution Two main ideas: 1. Use and disuse – Individuals lose characteristics they do not require (or use) and develop characteristics that are useful. What proves this to be not true? 2. Inheritance of acquired traits – Individuals inherit the acquired traits of their ancestors. What is an example of an acquired trait? Darwin’s Theory of Evolution ◉ Descent with modification – all organisms are related through a common ancestor. ◉ Survival of the fittest– organisms with the best fit traits will be able to survive and reproduce more than the others. ◉ Natural selection – over time, the population will change to have these best fit traits. Robert Malthus Political Economics scholar ◉ Wrote an essay on the effects of growing populations. ◉ Proposed that populations could not grow without limits, that death and disease would control them. ◉ His work was read by Darwin and Wallace Alfred Russel Wallace Naturalist ◉ Contributed to the early theory of evolution- at the same time as Darwin. ◉ Used Malthus’ theories about population checks to develop ideas of natural selection- survival of the fittest Charles Lyell Geologist ◉ Argued that the age of the earth was older than previously thought. ◉ Contributed to Darwin’s ideas that organisms changed slowly in “geologic time” Robert Malthus What did Ideas about how populations grow. they There are “checks” in place to keep contribute? #s down Why is it Helped Wallace and Darwin see how important? natural selection could affect size of populations Resources are limited! Could humans run out of resources? When did this take place? Late 1700s and early 1800s. 1798 wrote “Essay on the principles of population Alfred Wallace What did they contribute? Why is it important? When did this take place? Came up with similar ideas as Darwin, shared them with Darwin and others His work contributed to Darwin’s ideas on natural selection. 1858- Wallace’s and Darwin’s work was presented and published. Charles Lyell What did they contribute? Ideas on how old the earth is and the layering showed geologic time. Why is it important? Influenced Darwin’s concept of geologic time and how long it takes for organisms to change. Ex: Biodiversity in tropical areas takes a long time! Why?? 1830s “Principles in Geology” When did this take place? Malthus Lyell Wallace ExitBellSlip Ringer 1. Which theory is correct, Darwin’s or Lamarck’s? 2. How does Darwin’s theory suggest populations evolve? 3. How did Malthus contribute to the development of Darwin’s theory of evolution? How did you do? Rate yourself! We will compare Darwin and Lamarck’s theory of evolution and identify scientists that influenced the theory of evolution. I can explain Darwin’s theory of evolution Bell Bell Ringer Ringer – 09/15 Voice Level 0 What is survival of the fittest? What does it mean to be fit? Learning Target: We will use a simulation to model the process of natural selection. Closure task: I can describe how natural selection is occurring in the simulation. Agenda Bell Ringer 1.Scientists that influenced evolution 2.Artificial vs natural selection 3.Bird beak simulation Homework! Due Thursday (09/17) Who was absent last Friday? Test Makeup! Descent with modification • With your partner – deconstruct these two words to determine the meaning in terms of evolution. • States that all organisms are related through descent from a common ancestor that lived in the remote past • These organisms have changed over time Descent with modification In the Darwinian view, the history of life is like a tree: • With multiple branches from a common trunk to the tips of the youngest twigs that represent the diversity of living organisms Hyracoidea (Hyraxes) Sirenia (Manatees and relatives) Elephas maximus (Asia) Figure 22.7 Loxodonta africana (Africa) Loxodonta cyclotis (Africa) Dogs descended from wolves If all dogs descended from wolves – how would you get a Chihuahua? ◉ Think-pair-share Artificial selection ◉ When humans have modified species over generations by selection and breeding individuals with desired traits Artificial vs. Natural Selection Based on our definition of artificial selection – how would you define natural selection? Natural Selection ◉ Natural selection is a process in which individuals that have certain heritable characteristics survive and reproduce at a higher rate than other individuals (differential reproduction). Natural Selection ◉ Natural selection can increase the match between organisms and their environment over time (a) A flower mantid in Malaysia (b) A stick mantid in Africa Figure 22.11 Natural Selection ◉ If an environment changes, or if individuals move to a new environment, natural selection may result in adaptation to the new conditions, sometimes creating a new species in the process Today’s Simulation ◉ Read the introduction ◉ Review the rules You have to use your beak as it is designed to be used. ◉ I need 3 Team Leaders! Pre-Hunting 1. Each person need to come see me to get a beak. 2. Once you get your beak, go find your team leaders! 3. Team leaders - count the total number of birds with that beak and place at “year 1” Simulation 1. YOUR GOAL: Eat as many beans as possible in 10 seconds! Only the five who eat the most beans will reproduce. Throwing beans = referral and phone call home Remember… ◉ Only your beak may touch the beans. ◉ One bean at a time ◉ Do not interfere with any other birds ◉ Beans must make it to your stomach (dixie cup) Post-Hunting 1. Go back to your team leader 2. Count how many beans you ate 3. Quietly listen as we determine the top 5 and bottom 5 eaters 4. Empty your beans back onto the table – spread them out! If you died – announce your beak type Team leaders – record as number of birds died If you are a winner – announce your beak type Team leaders – record as number of babies born Repeat! 1. Team leaders – count the number of birds you now have. Put this in “Year 2” 2. Time to hunt again! Year # fork-bills # spoonbills # bladebills 1 7 7 6 2 5 8 5 3 5 11 4 4 4 13 2 Concluding questions 1. Complete the concluding questions on the back of the handout ExitBellSlip Ringer ◉ What type of beak was most successful? Why do you think so? How did you do? Rate yourself! We will use a simulation to model the process of natural selection. I can describe how natural selection is occurring in the simulation. Voice Level 0 Bell Bell Ringer Ringer – 09/16 Initial Population Selective Pressure Population 10 generations later Population 100 generations later Describe what is happening above in each stage. Learning Target: We will analyze our simulation data to describe the process of natural selection Closure task: I can describe the four factors needed for natural selection to occur. Agenda Bell Ringer 1. Wrap up simulation from yesterday 2. Factors needed for natural selection to occur 3. Natural Selection video 4. Flash cards 5. Types of selection Update your tracking sheet! I have a BUNCH of papers to hand back. You should be adding the Lucy CER and the Comparative Anatomy CER to your tracking sheet. Year # fork-bills # spoonbills 1 2 3 4 # bladebills Concluding questions 1. Complete the concluding questions on the back of the handout What can you say about these organisms? Factors needed for natural selection to occur 1. There is variation within a population. Every individual is different. 2. Traits are inherited from parents to offspring 3. Due to lack of food or other resources, not all individuals survive & reproduce. 4. Species overproduce: All species are capable of producing more offspring than the environment can support. Think back to the simulation! Logic of Darwin’s Theory 1. Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher chance of surviving and reproducing tend to have more offspring than other individuals 2. This unequal ability to survive and reproduce will lead to the accumulation of favorable traits over generations. Natural Selection Video Stated Clearly ◉ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0S CjhI86grU ExitBellSlip Ringer ◉ What are the four factors needed for natural selection to occur? How did you do? Rate yourself! We will analyze our simulation data to describe the process of natural selection. I can describe the four factors needed for natural selection to occur. Voice Level 0 Bell Bell Ringer Ringer – 09/17 1. What are the four factors that are needed for natural selection to occur? 2. Why is variation so important for natural selection? Learning Target: We will determine the types of selection and relate real-world examples to natural selection Closure task: I can describe a real example of how natural selection has occurred. Agenda Bell Ringer 1.Adaptation 2.Types of selection 3.Rock pocket mouse natural selection video 4.Peppered Moth 5.Antibiotic resistance Homework due! Who is Charles Darwin? In your notebook, https://www.youtube.com/w answer the questions atch?v=6GNUlZhE_jE 1.Who is Charles Darwin? 2.What was the name of the ship he traveled on? 3.What is the name of his book? 4.What were his ideas? 5.Why is he important? Important Things to Remember! 1. POPULATIONS EVOLVE -- INDIVIDUALS DO NOT 2. Natural selection only works on inherited traits Organisms can acquire traits during their lifetime – but they will not be inherited! Examples? 3. Environment varies from one place to another – as will adaptations. Adaptations How would you define an adaptation? Adaptations Adaptations • Inherited traits that help organisms survive and reproduce in their environment. • Adaptations can be physical or behavioral • Can you think of an example of a physical adaptation? • Behavioral? Adaptations Innate Behavior (inherited!)behavior determined by the "hardwiring" of the nervous system. It is usually inflexible, a given stimulus triggering a given response. Ex: A salamander raised away from water until long after its siblings begin swimming successfully will swim every bit as well as they the very first time it is placed in the water. Clearly this rather elaborate response is "built in" in the species and not something that must be acquired by practice Adaptations Learned behavior (acquired!)behavior that is more or less permanently altered as a result of the experience of the individual organism Ex: learning to play baseball well Mice Populations ◉ White mice ◉ Light gray mice ◉ Gray mice ◉ Dark gray mice ◉ Black mice Types of Selection ◉ Directional – selects for one end of the spectrum Ex: Dark colored mice ◉ Stabilizing – selects for the middle of the spectrum Ex: Gray colored mice ◉ Disruptive – selects for the opposite ends of the spectrum Ex: Black or white mice A group of early giraffes lives in a lush forest with many trees and shrubs of different heights to feed on. These giraffes have necks of various lengths, with most giraffes having a medium length neck. Then a blight passed through the area, killing off all of the low growing plants, leaving only tall trees whose leaves are far off the ground. Giraffes with shorter necks now have a hard time getting food, while those with longer necks can feed on the highgrowing leaves. After several generations, the giraffes in this area all have longer necks than those before the blight. What type of selection has occurred in this giraffe population? A population of finches that have highly variable beak lengths live on an island with an abundant food supply. Several other species of birds move into the area, making food supplies scarce. The only types of food left for the finches are small seeds and nectar from long tubular flowers. Finches with small beaks can easily grasp and crack the seeds. Finches with long beaks can reach inside the long flowers to reach the nectar. However, some finches have beaks that are too large to deal with the small seeds, but too small to reach inside the flowers. After several generations, there are two populations of finches: those with short beaks and those with long beaks. What kind of selection has acted on these finches? A population of rodents lives in one species of pine tree. These pine trees have very evenly spaced branches of uniform thickness. Rodents that are too small cannot reach between the branches to move around in the tree. Rodents that are too big and heavy break through the branches and fall out of the trees. The rodent population contains adults of very uniform size. What type of selection has created this uniform size distribution in these rodents? Back to the Natural Selection Simulation Step 1: Graph your data What are the qualities of a good graph? Step 2: What type of selection is this? ExitBellSlip Ringer ◉ Describe in DETAIL one example of how natural selection has occurred in nature. How did you do? Rate yourself! We will determine the types of selection and relate real-world examples to natural selection I can describe a real example of how natural selection has occurred. Bell Bell Ringer Ringer – 09/18 Describe how a population of frogs could adapt to its environment by getting sticky, padded feet. Voice Level 0 Learning Target: We will investigate real-world examples of natural selection. Closure task: I can write a CER on antibiotic resistance. Agenda Bell Ringer 1.Rock pocket mouse video 2.Peppered moths 3.Antibiotic Resistance CER Video! ◉ As you watch the video, fill out the worksheet. ◉ http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/making-fittestnatural-selection-and-adaptation Lets look at another example! ◉ Peppered Moths ◉ Peppered Moth Bird’s Eye view simulation ◉ https://www.youtube.com/w atch?v=aTftyFboC_M ◉ http://peppermoths.weebly. com/ A turn for the worse ◉ Read the scenario of the teenage girl as a class Highlight the key differences between each girl ◉ Use the graph as a reference point for when these things happened ◉ *Penicillin was discovered in the late 1940s. Close reading on Antibiotic Resistance ◉ Underline important information ◉ Circle any unfamiliar words ◉ What is an antibiotic? ◉ What are the pros and cons of using antibiotics? Close reading on Antibiotic Resistance ◉ With your partner – answer these three questions in your notebook ◉ What is antibiotic resistance? ◉ So what is the reason that the third girl died? ◉ Now what is something we can do to prevent antibiotic resistance? Antibiotic Resistance CER ◉ Complete the CER on Antibiotic Resistance ◉ Question: Why did the third girl die? Key things to know for the quiz! ◉ Definition of Natural Selection ◉ 4 factors needed for natural selection to occur ◉ Darwin vs. Lamarck ◉ Malthus, Lyell, & Wallace ◉ Where do new traits come from? (Darwin vs Lamarck) ◉ What is an adaptation ExitBellSlip Ringer 1. What are two real world example of natural selection in action? 2. What is natural selection? How did you do? Rate yourself! We will investigate real-world examples of natural selection. I can write a CER on antibiotic resistance. Bell Bell Ringer Ringer – 09/21 Voice Level 0 Learning Target: We will investigate real-world examples of natural selection. Closure task: I can write a CER on antibiotic resistance. Agenda Bell Ringer 1.Finish antibiotic resistance CER 2. Antibiotic Resistance CER ◉ Complete the CER on Antibiotic Resistance ◉ Question: Why did the third girl die? Key things to know for the natural selection quiz! ◉ Definition of Natural Selection ◉ 4 factors needed for natural selection to occur ◉ Darwin vs. Lamarck ◉ Malthus, Lyell, & Wallace ◉ Where do new traits come from? (Darwin vs Lamarck) ◉ What is an adaptation Natural Selection scenario handout ◉ Initial population = what type of mice are we starting with? ◉ Selection = show natural selection & survival of the fittest in action! ◉ Final population = How has the mice population changed due to survival of the fittest? Flash cards! Natural Selection- Process where organisms with favorable traits are more likely to reproduce. These traits are passed onto the next generation. Over time this process allows organisms to adapt to their environment. Flash cards! Types of selection: • Stabilizing, Directional, Disruptive Time for Review! Is it fitter? An animal that is more fit, is one that is more likely to survive and reproduce. Traits that make an animal more fit will increase over time in the population because those animals will be more likely to survive and reproduce. Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution Two main ideas: 1. Use and disuse – Individuals lose characteristics they do not require (or use) and develop characteristics that are useful. What proves this to be not true? 2. Inheritance of acquired traits – Individuals inherit the acquired traits of their ancestors. What is an example of an acquired trait? Darwin’s Theory of Evolution ◉ Descent with modification – all organisms are related through a common ancestor. ◉ Survival of the fittest– organisms with the best fit traits will be able to survive and reproduce more than the others. ◉ Natural selection – over time, the population will change to have these best fit traits. Robert Malthus What did Ideas about how populations grow. they There are “checks” in place to keep contribute? #s down Why is it Helped Wallace and Darwin see how important? natural selection could affect size of populations Resources are limited! Could humans run out of resources? When did this take place? Late 1700s and early 1800s. 1798 wrote “Essay on the principles of population Alfred Wallace What did they contribute? Why is it important? When did this take place? Came up with similar ideas as Darwin, shared them with Darwin and others His work contributed to Darwin’s ideas on natural selection. 1858- Wallace’s and Darwin’s work was presented and published. Charles Lyell What did they contribute? Ideas on how old the earth is and the layering showed geologic time. Why is it important? Influenced Darwin’s concept of geologic time and how long it takes for organisms to change. Ex: Biodiversity in tropical areas takes a long time! Why?? 1830s “Principles in Geology” When did this take place? Malthus Population! Lyell Wallace Layers! Natural Selection Flash cards! Natural Selection- Process where organisms with favorable traits are more likely to reproduce. These traits are passed onto the next generation. Over time this process allows organisms to adapt to their environment. Factors needed for natural selection to occur 1. There is variation within a population. Every individual is different. 2. Traits are inherited from parents to offspring 3. Due to lack of food or other resources, not all individuals survive & reproduce. 4. Species overproduce: All species are capable of producing more offspring than the environment can support. Logic of Darwin’s Theory 1. Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher chance of surviving and reproducing tend to have more offspring than other individuals 2. This unequal ability to survive and reproduce will lead to the accumulation of favorable traits over generations. Important Things to Remember! 1. POPULATIONS EVOLVE -- INDIVIDUALS DO NOT 2. Natural selection only works on inherited traits Organisms can acquire traits during their lifetime – but they will not be inherited! Examples? 3. Environment varies from one place to another – as will adaptations. Adaptations • Inherited traits that help organisms survive and reproduce in their environment. • Adaptations can be physical or behavioral • Can you think of an example of a physical adaptation? • Behavioral? Adaptations Innate Behavior (inherited!)behavior determined by the "hardwiring" of the nervous system. It is usually inflexible, a given stimulus triggering a given response. Ex: A salamander raised away from water until long after its siblings begin swimming successfully will swim every bit as well as they the very first time it is placed in the water. Clearly this rather elaborate response is "built in" in the species and not something that must be acquired by practice Adaptations Learned behavior (acquired!)behavior that is more or less permanently altered as a result of the experience of the individual organism Ex: learning to play baseball well Types of Selection ◉ Directional – selects for one end of the spectrum Ex: Dark colored mice ◉ Stabilizing – selects for the middle of the spectrum Ex: Gray colored mice ◉ Disruptive – selects for the opposite ends of the spectrum Ex: Black or white mice ExitBellSlip Ringer 1. What are two real world example of natural selection in action? 2. What is natural selection? How did you do? Rate yourself! We will investigate real-world examples of natural selection. I can write a CER on antibiotic resistance.