Bell Bell
Ringer
Ringer – 09/14
Voice Level 0
What is an inherited
trait? What is an
acquired trait? Give an
example of each.
Learning Target: We will compare Darwin and Lamarck’s
theory of evolution and identify scientists that influenced the
theory of evolution.
Closure task: I can explain Darwin’s theory of evolution.
Agenda
Bell Ringer
1.What is fitter
pre-assessment
2.Darwin &
Lamarck reading
3.Scientists that
influenced
evolution
Is it fitter?
Complete the handout to the
best of your ability
Big Question: How do
populations change over time?
Reading: Theories of evolution
You will be reading about two different theories of
evolution by Darwin & Lamarck
In each group, two people will be reading about
Darwin, and two people will be reading about
Lamarck
1. Read your scientist individually.
2. Discuss with the other student reading the SAME
scientist.
3. Fill in the graphic organizer for your scientist.
4. Share with the remainder of your group and fill in
the graphic organizer for the other scientist.
Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution
Two main ideas:
1. Use and disuse – Individuals lose
characteristics they do not require (or use)
and develop characteristics that are useful.
What proves this to be not true?
2. Inheritance of acquired traits – Individuals
inherit the acquired traits of their ancestors.
What is an example of an acquired trait?
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
◉ Descent with modification – all organisms
are related through a common ancestor.
◉ Survival of the fittest– organisms with the
best fit traits will be able to survive and
reproduce more than the others.
◉ Natural selection – over time, the
population will change to have these best fit
traits.
Robert Malthus
Political Economics scholar
◉ Wrote an essay on the
effects of growing
populations.
◉ Proposed that
populations could not
grow without limits, that
death and disease
would control them.
◉ His work was read by
Darwin and Wallace
Alfred Russel Wallace
Naturalist
◉ Contributed to the early
theory of evolution- at
the same time as
Darwin.
◉ Used Malthus’ theories
about population
checks to develop
ideas of natural
selection- survival of
the fittest
Charles Lyell
Geologist
◉ Argued that the age
of the earth was older
than previously
thought.
◉ Contributed to
Darwin’s ideas that
organisms changed
slowly in “geologic
time”
Robert Malthus
What did
Ideas about how populations grow.
they
There are “checks” in place to keep
contribute? #s down
Why is it
Helped Wallace and Darwin see how
important? natural selection could affect size of
populations
Resources are limited!
Could humans run out of resources?
When did
this take
place?
Late 1700s and early 1800s.
1798 wrote
“Essay on the principles of population
Alfred Wallace
What did they
contribute?
Why is it
important?
When did this
take place?
Came up with similar ideas as
Darwin, shared them with Darwin
and others
His work contributed to Darwin’s
ideas on natural selection.
1858- Wallace’s and Darwin’s work
was presented and published.
Charles Lyell
What did they
contribute?
Ideas on how old the earth is and the
layering showed geologic time.
Why is it
important?
Influenced Darwin’s concept of
geologic time and how long it takes for
organisms to change.
Ex: Biodiversity in tropical areas takes
a long time! Why??
1830s “Principles in Geology”
When did this
take place?
Malthus
Lyell
Wallace
ExitBellSlip
Ringer
1. Which theory is correct, Darwin’s or Lamarck’s?
2. How does Darwin’s theory suggest populations
evolve?
3. How did Malthus contribute to the development of
Darwin’s theory of evolution?
How did you do? Rate yourself!
We will compare Darwin and Lamarck’s theory of
evolution and identify scientists that influenced the
theory of evolution.
I can explain Darwin’s theory of evolution
Bell Bell
Ringer
Ringer – 09/15
Voice Level 0
What is survival of
the fittest? What
does it mean to be
fit?
Learning Target: We will use a simulation to model the
process of natural selection.
Closure task: I can describe how natural selection is
occurring in the simulation.
Agenda
Bell Ringer
1.Scientists that
influenced
evolution
2.Artificial vs
natural selection
3.Bird beak
simulation
Homework!
Due Thursday (09/17)
Who was
absent last
Friday?
Test Makeup!
Descent with modification
• With your partner – deconstruct
these two words to determine the
meaning in terms of evolution.
• States that all organisms are
related through descent from a
common ancestor that lived in the
remote past
• These organisms have changed
over time
Descent with modification
In the Darwinian view, the history of life is like a
tree:
• With multiple branches from a common trunk to the
tips of the youngest twigs that represent the diversity
of living organisms
Hyracoidea
(Hyraxes)
Sirenia
(Manatees
and relatives)
Elephas
maximus
(Asia)
Figure 22.7
Loxodonta
africana
(Africa)
Loxodonta
cyclotis
(Africa)
Dogs descended from wolves
If all dogs descended from wolves – how would
you get a Chihuahua?
◉ Think-pair-share
Artificial selection
◉ When humans have modified species over
generations by selection and breeding
individuals with desired traits
Artificial vs. Natural Selection
Based on our definition
of artificial selection –
how would you define
natural selection?
Natural Selection
◉ Natural selection is a process in
which individuals that have certain
heritable characteristics survive
and reproduce at a higher rate than
other individuals (differential
reproduction).
Natural Selection
◉ Natural
selection can
increase the
match
between
organisms and
their
environment
over time
(a) A flower mantid
in Malaysia
(b) A stick mantid
in Africa
Figure 22.11
Natural Selection
◉ If an environment changes, or if
individuals move to a new
environment, natural selection may
result in adaptation to the new
conditions, sometimes creating a
new species in the process
Today’s Simulation
◉ Read the introduction
◉ Review the rules
You have to use your beak as it is
designed to be used.
◉ I need 3 Team Leaders!
Pre-Hunting
1. Each person need to come see me to
get a beak.
2. Once you get your beak, go find your
team leaders!
3. Team leaders - count the total number of
birds with that beak and place at “year 1”
Simulation
1. YOUR GOAL: Eat as many beans as
possible in 10 seconds! Only the five
who eat the most beans will reproduce.
Throwing beans = referral
and phone call home
Remember…
◉ Only your beak may touch the beans.
◉ One bean at a time
◉ Do not interfere with any other birds
◉ Beans must make it to your stomach
(dixie cup)
Post-Hunting
1. Go back to your team leader
2. Count how many beans you ate
3. Quietly listen as we determine the top
5 and bottom 5 eaters
4. Empty your beans back onto the table
– spread them out!
If you died – announce your beak type
Team leaders – record as number of birds died
If you are a winner – announce your beak type
Team leaders – record as number of babies born
Repeat!
1. Team leaders – count the number of birds
you now have. Put this in “Year 2”
2. Time to hunt again!
Year # fork-bills # spoonbills
# bladebills
1
7
7
6
2
5
8
5
3
5
11
4
4
4
13
2
Concluding questions
1. Complete the concluding questions on
the back of the handout
ExitBellSlip
Ringer
◉ What type of beak was most successful?
Why do you think so?
How did you do? Rate yourself!
We will use a simulation to model the process of
natural selection.
I can describe how natural selection is occurring in
the simulation.
Voice
Level 0
Bell Bell
Ringer
Ringer – 09/16
Initial
Population
Selective
Pressure
Population 10
generations
later
Population 100
generations
later
Describe what is happening above in each stage.
Learning Target: We will analyze our simulation data to
describe the process of natural selection
Closure task: I can describe the four factors needed for
natural selection to occur.
Agenda
Bell Ringer
1. Wrap up simulation
from yesterday
2. Factors needed for
natural selection to
occur
3. Natural Selection
video
4. Flash cards
5. Types of selection
Update your tracking sheet!
I have a BUNCH of papers to hand
back.
You should be adding the Lucy CER
and the Comparative Anatomy CER
to your tracking sheet.
Year # fork-bills # spoonbills
1
2
3
4
# bladebills
Concluding questions
1. Complete the concluding questions on
the back of the handout
What can you say about these organisms?
Factors needed for natural selection
to occur
1. There is variation within a population.
Every individual is different.
2. Traits are inherited from parents to
offspring
3. Due to lack of food or other resources, not
all individuals survive & reproduce.
4. Species overproduce: All species are
capable of producing more offspring than
the environment can support.
Think back to the
simulation!
Logic of Darwin’s Theory
1. Individuals whose inherited traits give
them a higher chance of surviving and
reproducing tend to have more
offspring than other individuals
2. This unequal ability to survive and
reproduce will lead to the
accumulation of favorable traits over
generations.
Natural Selection Video
Stated Clearly
◉ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0S
CjhI86grU
ExitBellSlip
Ringer
◉ What are the four factors needed for natural
selection to occur?
How did you do? Rate yourself!
We will analyze our simulation data to describe the
process of natural selection.
I can describe the four factors needed for natural
selection to occur.
Voice Level 0
Bell Bell
Ringer
Ringer – 09/17
1. What are the four
factors that are
needed for natural
selection to occur?
2. Why is variation so
important for natural
selection?
Learning Target: We will determine the types of selection
and relate real-world examples to natural selection
Closure task: I can describe a real example of how natural
selection has occurred.
Agenda
Bell Ringer
1.Adaptation
2.Types of selection
3.Rock pocket mouse
natural selection
video
4.Peppered Moth
5.Antibiotic resistance
Homework due!
Who is Charles Darwin?
In your notebook,
https://www.youtube.com/w
answer the questions
atch?v=6GNUlZhE_jE
1.Who is Charles
Darwin?
2.What was the name
of the ship he traveled
on?
3.What is the name of
his book?
4.What were his ideas?
5.Why is he important?
Important Things to Remember!
1. POPULATIONS EVOLVE -- INDIVIDUALS
DO NOT
2. Natural selection only works on inherited
traits
Organisms can acquire traits during their
lifetime – but they will not be inherited!
Examples?
3. Environment varies from one place to
another – as will adaptations.
Adaptations
How would you define an adaptation?
Adaptations
Adaptations
• Inherited traits that help organisms
survive and reproduce in their
environment.
• Adaptations can be physical or
behavioral
• Can you think of an example of a
physical adaptation?
• Behavioral?
Adaptations
Innate Behavior (inherited!)behavior determined by the "hardwiring" of the nervous system. It is
usually inflexible, a given stimulus
triggering a given response.
Ex: A salamander raised away from water until long
after its siblings begin swimming successfully will
swim every bit as well as they the very first time it is
placed in the water. Clearly this rather elaborate
response is "built in" in the species and not
something that must be acquired by practice
Adaptations
Learned behavior (acquired!)behavior that is more or less
permanently altered as a result of
the experience of the individual
organism
Ex: learning to play baseball well
Mice Populations
◉ White mice
◉ Light gray mice
◉ Gray mice
◉ Dark gray mice
◉ Black mice
Types of Selection
◉ Directional – selects for one end of the
spectrum
Ex: Dark colored mice
◉ Stabilizing – selects for the middle of the
spectrum
Ex: Gray colored mice
◉ Disruptive – selects for the opposite ends of
the spectrum
Ex: Black or white mice
A group of early giraffes lives in a lush forest with
many trees and shrubs of different heights to feed
on. These giraffes have necks of various lengths,
with most giraffes having a medium length neck.
Then a blight passed through the area, killing off all
of the low growing plants, leaving only tall trees
whose leaves are far off the ground. Giraffes with
shorter necks now have a hard time getting food,
while those with longer necks can feed on the highgrowing leaves. After several generations, the
giraffes in this area all have longer necks than those
before the blight.
What type of selection has occurred in this
giraffe population?
A population of finches that have highly variable beak
lengths live on an island with an abundant food supply.
Several other species of birds move into the area,
making food supplies scarce. The only types of food left
for the finches are small seeds and nectar from long
tubular flowers. Finches with small beaks can easily
grasp and crack the seeds. Finches with long beaks
can reach inside the long flowers to reach the nectar.
However, some finches have beaks that are too large
to deal with the small seeds, but too small to reach
inside the flowers. After several generations, there are
two populations of finches: those with short beaks and
those with long beaks.
What kind of selection has acted on these
finches?
A population of rodents lives in one species
of pine tree. These pine trees have very
evenly spaced branches of uniform
thickness. Rodents that are too small
cannot reach between the branches to
move around in the tree. Rodents that are
too big and heavy break through the
branches and fall out of the trees. The
rodent population contains adults of very
uniform size.
What type of selection has created this
uniform size distribution in these rodents?
Back to the Natural Selection
Simulation
Step 1: Graph your data
What are the qualities of a good
graph?
Step 2: What type of selection is this?
ExitBellSlip
Ringer
◉ Describe in DETAIL one example of how
natural selection has occurred in nature.
How did you do? Rate yourself!
We will determine the types of selection and relate
real-world examples to natural selection
I can describe a real example of how natural
selection has occurred.
Bell Bell
Ringer
Ringer – 09/18
Describe how a population
of frogs could adapt to its
environment by getting
sticky, padded feet.
Voice Level 0
Learning Target: We will investigate real-world examples of
natural selection.
Closure task: I can write a CER on antibiotic resistance.
Agenda
Bell Ringer
1.Rock pocket
mouse video
2.Peppered moths
3.Antibiotic
Resistance CER
Video!
◉ As you watch the video, fill out the worksheet.
◉ http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/making-fittestnatural-selection-and-adaptation
Lets look at another example!
◉ Peppered Moths
◉ Peppered Moth Bird’s Eye
view simulation
◉ https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=aTftyFboC_M
◉ http://peppermoths.weebly.
com/
A turn for the worse
◉ Read the scenario of the teenage girl as
a class
Highlight the key differences between
each girl
◉ Use the graph as a reference point for
when these things happened
◉ *Penicillin was discovered in the late
1940s.
Close reading on
Antibiotic Resistance
◉ Underline important information
◉ Circle any unfamiliar words
◉ What is an antibiotic?
◉ What are the pros and cons of using
antibiotics?
Close reading on
Antibiotic Resistance
◉ With your partner – answer these three
questions in your notebook
◉ What is antibiotic resistance?
◉ So what is the reason that the third girl
died?
◉ Now what is something we can do to
prevent antibiotic resistance?
Antibiotic Resistance CER
◉ Complete the CER on Antibiotic
Resistance
◉ Question: Why did the third girl die?
Key things to know for the quiz!
◉ Definition of Natural Selection
◉ 4 factors needed for natural
selection to occur
◉ Darwin vs. Lamarck
◉ Malthus, Lyell, & Wallace
◉ Where do new traits come from?
(Darwin vs Lamarck)
◉ What is an adaptation
ExitBellSlip
Ringer
1. What are two real world example of natural
selection in action?
2. What is natural selection?
How did you do? Rate yourself!
We will investigate real-world examples of natural
selection.
I can write a CER on antibiotic resistance.
Bell Bell
Ringer
Ringer – 09/21
Voice Level 0
Learning Target: We will investigate real-world examples of
natural selection.
Closure task: I can write a CER on antibiotic resistance.
Agenda
Bell Ringer
1.Finish antibiotic
resistance CER
2.
Antibiotic Resistance CER
◉ Complete the CER on Antibiotic
Resistance
◉ Question: Why did the third girl die?
Key things to know for the
natural selection quiz!
◉ Definition of Natural Selection
◉ 4 factors needed for natural selection
to occur
◉ Darwin vs. Lamarck
◉ Malthus, Lyell, & Wallace
◉ Where do new traits come from?
(Darwin vs Lamarck)
◉ What is an adaptation
Natural Selection scenario
handout
◉ Initial population = what type of
mice are we starting with?
◉ Selection = show natural selection &
survival of the fittest in action!
◉ Final population = How has the mice
population changed due to survival of
the fittest?
Flash cards!
Natural Selection- Process where
organisms with favorable traits are
more likely to reproduce. These
traits are passed onto the next
generation. Over time this process
allows organisms to adapt to their
environment.
Flash cards!
Types of selection:
• Stabilizing, Directional, Disruptive
Time for Review!
Is it fitter?
An animal that is more fit, is one
that is more likely to survive and
reproduce. Traits that make an
animal more fit will increase
over time in the population
because those animals will be
more likely to survive and
reproduce.
Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution
Two main ideas:
1. Use and disuse – Individuals lose
characteristics they do not require (or use)
and develop characteristics that are useful.
What proves this to be not true?
2. Inheritance of acquired traits – Individuals
inherit the acquired traits of their ancestors.
What is an example of an acquired trait?
Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
◉ Descent with modification – all organisms
are related through a common ancestor.
◉ Survival of the fittest– organisms with the
best fit traits will be able to survive and
reproduce more than the others.
◉ Natural selection – over time, the
population will change to have these best fit
traits.
Robert Malthus
What did
Ideas about how populations grow.
they
There are “checks” in place to keep
contribute? #s down
Why is it
Helped Wallace and Darwin see how
important? natural selection could affect size of
populations
Resources are limited!
Could humans run out of resources?
When did
this take
place?
Late 1700s and early 1800s.
1798 wrote
“Essay on the principles of population
Alfred Wallace
What did they
contribute?
Why is it
important?
When did this
take place?
Came up with similar ideas as
Darwin, shared them with Darwin
and others
His work contributed to Darwin’s
ideas on natural selection.
1858- Wallace’s and Darwin’s work
was presented and published.
Charles Lyell
What did they
contribute?
Ideas on how old the earth is and the
layering showed geologic time.
Why is it
important?
Influenced Darwin’s concept of
geologic time and how long it takes for
organisms to change.
Ex: Biodiversity in tropical areas takes
a long time! Why??
1830s “Principles in Geology”
When did this
take place?
Malthus
Population!
Lyell
Wallace
Layers!
Natural
Selection
Flash cards!
Natural Selection- Process where
organisms with favorable traits are
more likely to reproduce. These
traits are passed onto the next
generation. Over time this process
allows organisms to adapt to their
environment.
Factors needed for natural selection
to occur
1. There is variation within a population.
Every individual is different.
2. Traits are inherited from parents to
offspring
3. Due to lack of food or other resources, not
all individuals survive & reproduce.
4. Species overproduce: All species are
capable of producing more offspring than
the environment can support.
Logic of Darwin’s Theory
1. Individuals whose inherited traits give
them a higher chance of surviving and
reproducing tend to have more
offspring than other individuals
2. This unequal ability to survive and
reproduce will lead to the
accumulation of favorable traits over
generations.
Important Things to Remember!
1. POPULATIONS EVOLVE -- INDIVIDUALS
DO NOT
2. Natural selection only works on inherited
traits
Organisms can acquire traits during their
lifetime – but they will not be inherited!
Examples?
3. Environment varies from one place to
another – as will adaptations.
Adaptations
• Inherited traits that help organisms
survive and reproduce in their
environment.
• Adaptations can be physical or
behavioral
• Can you think of an example of a
physical adaptation?
• Behavioral?
Adaptations
Innate Behavior (inherited!)behavior determined by the "hardwiring" of the nervous system. It is
usually inflexible, a given stimulus
triggering a given response.
Ex: A salamander raised away from water until long
after its siblings begin swimming successfully will
swim every bit as well as they the very first time it is
placed in the water. Clearly this rather elaborate
response is "built in" in the species and not
something that must be acquired by practice
Adaptations
Learned behavior (acquired!)behavior that is more or less
permanently altered as a result of
the experience of the individual
organism
Ex: learning to play baseball well
Types of Selection
◉ Directional – selects for one end of the
spectrum
Ex: Dark colored mice
◉ Stabilizing – selects for the middle of the
spectrum
Ex: Gray colored mice
◉ Disruptive – selects for the opposite ends of
the spectrum
Ex: Black or white mice
ExitBellSlip
Ringer
1. What are two real world example of natural
selection in action?
2. What is natural selection?
How did you do? Rate yourself!
We will investigate real-world examples of natural
selection.
I can write a CER on antibiotic resistance.