Matter
Mind over it
What is matter?
• Matter: anything
that occupies space
and has mass.
Are light and electricity considered
matter? What about heat?
• Do they take up space?
• Do they have mass?
Nope!
What are the 4 physical states of
matter?
•
•
•
•
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Solid
• anything that has a definite
volume and a definite shape
Solids
• Maintain their shape and volume
Liquid
• anything that has a
definite volume but no
definite shape.
Liquids
• Maintain their volume
• Take the shape of their
container
Gas
• Anything that has no
definite volume and
no definite shape.
Gases
• Take the shape and volume of their container
What is the fourth state of matter?
• Plasma!
What changes in physical state do
fireworks go through?
When the atoms of matter are all the
same, scientists call the matter an
• Element
A pure substance contains only one
• Element
Compound
• Two or more elements, chemically combined to
form a new substance.
Table Salt is a compound
A word about “salt”
• In chemistry, “salt” means more than table salt.
• More on this in a few weeks.
Water is also a compound
Can the elements of a compound be
separated by ordinary physical
methods?
• No.
What is another form of combined
substances?
• Mixtures
Examples of mixtures
What’s the difference?
Compounds
• Chemically combined
• Cannot be separated by
physical means
• Have definite, set proportions
Mixtures
• Physically combined
• Can be separated by physical
means
• Do not have definite, set
proportions
What physical trait describes how close
together the molecules or atoms of a
substance are?
• Density
Volume
• is the amount of space an object takes up
• usually measured in liters (l) and milliliters (ml)
for liquids
• Cubic centimeters (cm3) for solids
Density
• D = m/v
• Density = mass  volume
• Density = grams per cubic centimeter
Rank the closeness of molecules in the
three primary states of matter:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Sum it up!
• What is the relationship between the properties
of the different states of matter and their
densities?