Unit 5: A New Global Age
Nationalism in Europe
• Essential Questions:
– How did nationalism develop a sense of unity
between countrymen, as well as competition
between nations?
– How did nationalism lead countries towards
imperialism?
Nationalism:
• A feeling of sense or pride for your country
• When good, will unite a country and increase
productivity
• When bad, allows hatred of and competition
with other nations which lead to war
(1) Otto and the Germans
• 1862: Otto von
Bismarck (Chancellor of
Prussia) starts to unify
Germany
– Germany was
conglomerate of 39
mini-nations
• Similar culture,
language and traditions
Realpolitik
• Definition: Realistic politics based on the
needs of the people.
– Follows:
• Machiavelli’s ideas
• Realism
• Power, not morals
– Is goal oriented, so it does not use a set of rules;
the ultimate goal is most power!
Bismarck Quotes:
•
“The less people know about how sausages and
laws are made, the better they’ll sleep at night.”
•
“A generation that has taken a beating is always
followed by a generation that deals one.”
•
“Never believe in anything until it has been
officially denied.”
•
“The great questions of the day will not be settled
by speeches and majority decisions—that was the
mistake of 1848-1849—but by blood and iron.”
“Blood and Iron”
• Write down what you
think “Blood and Iron”
means.
Process of Annexation
Franco-Prussian War of 1870
• Otto von Bismarck leads Prussia/Germany
against France
• Napoleon III is unsuspecting
– `Insulted at dinner by Bismarck, he then declares
war on Germany
• Germany is already mobilized
– Conquer France in three weeks
Germany’s march to Paris
Second Reich: 1871
• Chancellor: Bismarck
• Kaiser: Wilhelm I
• Under both, the country industrializes
– “Steel production multiplied by 12 in 30 years”
– “Coal production multiplied by nearly five in 30
years”
– “Manufactures multiplied by four”
– “Exports multiplied by three”
Lasting, progressive programs
• Health Insurance Bill of 1883
– gave healthcare on local level to the middle class
• Accident Insurance Bill of 1884
• Old Age and Disability Bill of 1889
– Gave a pension to retired or disabled peoples
(2) Unifying Italy
• Giuseppe Mazzini tries
to unify Italy in the
1830’s.
• Spurs national unity
• Very close to a
complete Italy, but are
defeated by Austria in
1848
• Count Cavour of
Sardinia
• Convinced the French
to help dispose of the
Austrians.
– Beat the Austrians back
• United all of Northern
Italy
• Giuseppe Garibaldi
• Led 1,000 red shirts to
gain control of the
Kingdom of two Sicily's
• Gained an united
Southern Italy in 1860
• King Victor Immanuel II
– First King of Italy in 1861
– Made peace with Austria
– United all sections of
Italy together
– Made the Capital Rome
(3) Russia and Nationalism
• Russia had land and resources
– Lacked ability to access their resources
• Tsar Alexander II
– Emancipation of serfs in 1861
– Creation of local governments led by zemstvos
• Local officials were then represented in the Duma
“Forced Nationalism”
• Tsar demanded Russification
• Everyone had to speak Russian, wear Russian clothes, follow
Russian customs.
• Russian Orthodox Church was only religion tolerated
– Supported the Tsar
• Russian officials also governed non-Russian zemstvos
– Less than half of Russia consists of Russians
» Others: Cossacks, Georgians, Mongols, Jews, Poles, Fins, etc.
Russia Expands
• Industrialization from
1867-1920’s
– Allows Russia to gain
several territories
• Finland
• Poland
• Manchuria
– Russia can build a TransSiberian RR
Trans-Siberian Railroad
•
•
•
•
Started by Alexander II
Completed in 1905
Stretches 5,772 miles
Connects East and West
Russia
– Physically unites as a
nation!
Expansion of the US
• Manifest Destiny
– Desire of America to
expand from “sea to sea”
• US expands through
buying territory and war
–
–
–
–
–
1803: Louisiana Purchase
1845: Texas Annexation
1846: Oregon Country
1848: Mexican Cession
1867: Alaskan Purchase
American Civil War
• Abolition movement
– Frederick Douglas
– Dred Scott Affair
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Secession
– 11 states “leave” the
USA
• Civil War: 1861-1865
– 13th Amendment
– 14th Amendment