Nationalism, World War
One and the Russian
Revolution
Review Exercise
For each group of Learning Targets (# not letter) write one question on your group’s test.
Your test should include only 2 short answer and 1 extended response writing questions the rest
should be multiple choice.
Week #1
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1a. Nationalism is the desire for self rule, the desire to unite culturally under a single
government, the desire to be superior to other countries
1b. Nationalism can be both unifying and divisive
1c. Nation/State is a group of people who have common bonds (nationality, history, language,
culture…)
2a. Former slaves in Haiti led a revolution against the French
2b. Bolivar led revolts in many countries in South America in an attempt to establish self rule(
Venezuela, Columbia)
2c. In Mexico Hidalgo led the common people to revolt against Spanish rule
2d. Reasons for revolution included the oppressive social structure, enlightenment ideas, and
desire for self-rule.
3a. Congress of Vienna redraws the borders of Europe with no regard to cultural boundaries
after the Napoleonic Wars
3b. Monarchs are restored to thrones in many European countries by the Congress of Vienna
4a. Italy was a divided country economically (north- industrial, south-agriculture), politically
they had no central government and strong foreign influence, socially they were unified by
culture
4b. Revolt and diplomacy led to the unification of Italy as one Nation/State
4c. Count Cavour and Giuseppe Garibaldi led the unification effort
Week #2
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1a. Germany was a divided country economically, politically they had no central
government and strong foreign influence, socially they were unified by culture
1b. The state of Prussia under the leadership of Bismarck used military force to
unify the German states and to eliminate foreign influences
1c. Bismarck’s goal was to make Germany strong industrially, and militarily at the
expense of democratic rule (realpolitik)
2a. Russia was ruled as an autocracy (absolute authority), culturally diverse,
economically depressed
2b. Attempts to revolt failed (Revolution of 1905, Decembrist Revolt) and Russia
remains under Czarist control (absolute authority) – Nationalism fails at this time
3a. Austria-Hungary was a dual monarchy ( both countries were ruled by one
King), culturally and economically divided
3b. There were many nationalities who wanted to break free of the monarchy and
used violence to express their discontent with the government
3c. The dual monarchy stays politically in control
Week #3
• 1a. Militarism – there was build up around the world of
military power
• 1b. Imperialism – The competition for colonies(resources)
across the world caused countries to fight with each other
• 1c. Nationalism – countries developed strong patriotic
views which leads to conflict with neighboring countries
• 1d. Alliances- Major alliances were formed (Triple Alliance
and Triple Entente)
• 1e. Conflict in the Balkans – European countries were
fighting for control of the Balkan peninsula
• 1f. Assassination of the Archduke of Austria-Hungary by
the black hand (Serbian nationalist) – the spark
Week #4
• 1a. Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia leading to a chain
reaction of countries entering the war based on their alliances
• 1b. Schlieffen Plan – explains the German battle plan which
leads to trench warfare and a two front war
• 2a. Western Front – trench warfare was used and lead to the a
war of attrition (more people and resources creates advantage)
• 2b. Eastern Front – the fighting was more mobile and the
Russians had significant loses due to lack of industrialization
• 3a. Machine guns, airplanes, submarines, tanks, poison gas,
and trench warfare were all new techniques used during WWI
that made the war different from past wars
Week #5
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1a. Recruitment-used for propaganda
1b. Financing-used for propaganda
1c. Unifying (nationalism) –used for propaganda
1d. Conservation of resources- used for
propaganda
1e. Participation on the home front-used for
propaganda
2a. Sinking of the Lusitania
2b. Zimmerman note
2c. Submarine warfare/economic reasons
Week #6
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1a. The losses from WWI lead to growing discontent and revolution in Russia
1b. A provisional government is established and is ineffective which enables Lenin
and the Bolsheviks to take control of Russia with a promise of “peace, land and
bread”
2a. Lenin tries to win popularity with the people and signs The Treaty of Brestlitovsk – which removes Russia from the war
3a. The United States is a dominating force and increases the number of troops of
the Allies which overwhelms the central powers
4a. The Treaty establishes how Germany will be treated after the war (disarmament,
lose land, taking blame, reparations)
4b. The treaty also created resentment from Germany and other Allies which leads
to future hostilities (who was given what)
5a. Europe is economically and physically destroyed. Large scale casualties.
5b. The changes to the European map which include the break-up of Germany,
Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman empire.