Inorganic Compounds–Water Molecule
Structure
Inorganic Compounds–Water Molecule
Water is a polar
covalent molecule
Inorganic Compounds–Acids and Bases
 Acid—strong acids, pH
near 0. Characterized by
an abundance of H3O+
(hydronium) ions.
 Neutral—pH of 7 (distilled
water)
 Base—strong bases pH
near 14. Characterized by
an abundance of OH(hydroxide) ions.
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides—
simple sugars;
monomers of
carbohydrates. Common
monosaccharides
include glucose,
fructose, and galactose.
All have the simple
formula of C6H12O6.
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Examples of foods
that are
monosaccharides
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Examples of foods
that are
monosaccharides
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Disaccharides—double
sugars. Formed from the
condensation of two
monosaccharides.
Examples include:
 Sucrose (table sugar)—
glucose + fructose
 Lactose (milk sugar)—
glucose + galactose
 Maltose (malt sugar)—
glucose + glucose
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Examples of foods
that are
disaccharides—
sucrose
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Examples of
foods that are
disaccharides—
lactose
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Examples of
foods that are
disaccharides—
maltose
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Polysaccharides—complex sugars.
Composed of long chains of
monosaccharides.
 Starch—plant energy storage, polymer
of glucose. Forms single line chains of
molecules.
 Glycogen—animal energy storage (in
liver and between muscle fibers),
polymer of glucose. Forms branching
chains of molecules.
 Cellulose—indigestible, dietary fiber
for animals. Forms the cell wall of
many plant cells.
 Chitin—makes up the exoskeleton of
arthropods and cell walls of fungi.
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide
Starch
Example
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide
Cellulose
Example
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide
Glycogen
Example
Organic Compounds–Carbohydrates
Polysaccharide
Chitin
Example
Organic Compounds–Lipids
Lipids—
include fats,
oils, waxes,
and steroids
Organic Compounds–Lipids
Triglyceride
Organic Compounds–Proteins
Amino acids—monomers
of proteins; made of an
organic acid or carboxyl
group (COOH), amino
group (NH2), single carbon
atom attached to
hydrogen, and an R-group.
Each of the twenty (20)
different amino acid differs
in the R-group.
Organic Compounds–Proteins
Dipeptides—
two amino acids
joined by
peptide
bonds.
Organic Compounds–Proteins
Polypeptides—three or
more amino acids joined
by peptide bonds. All
proteins consist of these.
The sequence of amino
acids determines the type
of protein. Shapes of
protein molecules vary
with the sequence of the
amino acids and determine
their properties.
Organic Compounds–Proteins
Enzymes—
proteins that
act as
biological
catalysts.
Organic Compounds–Nucleic Acids
Made of complex
monomers
called
nucleotides
Organic Compounds–Nucleic Acids
DNA
(deoxyribonucleic
acid)—records
instructions and
transmits them from
generation to
generation. Found
primarily in the
nucleus of the cell.
Organic Compounds–Nucleic Acids
RNA (ribonucleic
acid)—reads and
carries out
instructions. Found
in nucleus and
cytoplasm of the
cell.
Organic Compounds–Nucleic Acids
ATP—high
energy
compound