Warm-up: What do you think is the title of this map? “Geo 101” How to take notes in this class… Review of Map Basics 1. A book of maps is called: 2. The arrow is pointing at the: What is this symbol called? Intermediate NE The compass rose shows you the cardinal directions (North, East, South, and West) What is this called? What to look for on a map: • • • • • • T: Title O: Orientation (use compass rose) D: Date A: Author L: Legend S: Scale Types of Maps Reference • Political • Physical Thematic • Examples: – Choropleth – Dot – Graduated symbol – Isoline – Cartogram Reference Map: Political • Major boundaries- countries and states COUNTRIES IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS State & Cities Not Reference Map: Physical • Physical features – rivers, mountains, elevation Thematic Map: Choropleth • Definition: a map that uses differences in shading, coloring, or the placing of symbols within predefined areas to indicate the average values of a property or quantity in those areas. Thematic Map: Dot • A dot distribution map (also known as dot density map) is as a map type that uses a dotsymbol to show the presence of a feature or phenomenon. Dot maps rely on a visual scatter to show spatial pattern. Thematic Map: Graduated Symbol • A map with symbols that change in size according to the value of the attribute they represent. For example, denser populations might be represented by larger dots, or larger rivers by thicker lines Thematic Map: Isoline • An isoline map is a map with continuous lines joining points of the same value. Examples would be equal altitude (contour lines), temperature (isotherms), barometric pressure (isobars), etc. Thematic Map: Cartogram • a map on which statistical information is shown in diagrammatic form. Mental Maps Relative Location map of an area, Not to scale Relative location • Describes location of a place in relation to other human and physical features – “New Braunfels is northeast of San Antonio” – Walmart is across the street from Warren H.S. Absolute location • The exact position of a place on the surface of the Earth – Coordinates (latitude and longitude) – Address How do Geographers study the globe? • They use an imaginary grid to describe the location of points on Earth. (latitude and longitude) How do Geographers study the globe? • Latitude – drawn in an east-west direction (parallels) • Longitude – drawn in a north-south direction (meridians) How do Geographers study the globe? • Divide the world into hemispheres (half of a sphere) What is the imaginary line that splits the globe into the Northern and Southern hemispheres? • • • • A. Equator B. Tropic of Cancer C. Prime Meridian D. International Date Line The two lines that split the globe into the Eastern and Western Hemispheres are the Prime Meridian and the: • • • • A. Arctic Circle B. Tropic of Cancer C. Equator D. International Date Line How do geographers describe where things are? • Read Rubenstein – Key Issue 1 • Highlight key terms/ main ideas • Answer the learning outcomes on a separate sheet of notebook paper using complete sentences (1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3) Warm-up: Tuesday Copy the following words/concepts = quiz on Friday! • • • • • • • • • Geography Cartography Scale Map projection Mercator (projection) Polar (projection) Meridian/longitude Parallel/latitude Greenwich Mean Time • TODALS • International Date Line Also know: • 7 continents • 5 oceans Early Mapmaking • Eratosthenes – Greek scientist/ geographer • Also calculated the circumference of the Earth! Map Projections Picture a globe made of soft clay. Now squash it flat. Congratulations! You’ve just made a map. Sure, you stretched out a few continents, but how else can you depict a round planet on a flat surface? Map Projections How do you take a round Earth & show it on a flat piece of paper? = Map projections (scientific method of transferring locations on Earth to a flat map) • All map projections have some sort of DistOrTioN – Shape, distance, size, direction Cylindrical- Mercator • Most accurate near Equator • Exaggerates lands near the poles Greenland is actually 8 times smaller than South America Africa is actually much larger than the U.S. Is Antarctica REALLY this big? Conic- Robinson • Most accurate around the middle latitudes. • Distorts regions that run northsouth for long distances. i.e. South America Polar- Flat - Plane •Press the hemispheres into flat circles. •Excellent for showing Arctic(left) and Antarctic regions •Distortions around the edges Goode-Homolosine • continents that are sized appropriately to one another, but with many interruptions and distortions of distance. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vVXPrBRtTY Longitude and Time Zones Your task • You will need: – White board – Marker • 90 second sketch map: sketch a map of the world, labeling the 7 continents • Mental Map: create a map of your route from your 1st period class to Human Geo class. Include any landmarks. • Add TODALS to your mental map. Detailed sketch map • Using the checklist, sketch a map of the world • NO TRACING! continents large landmasses on the Earth’s surface SOUTH AMERICA NORTH AMERICA EUROPE ASIA ANTARCTICA AFRICA AUSTRALIA