Welcome to...
The
Teaching
Profession
Objectives
1.
2.
3.
4.
Discuss Schooling vs. Education
Discuss the Art & Science of Teaching
Discuss Teaching as a Profession
Identify and Describe Professional
Organizations
5. Identify and Describe the
Characteristics of Effective Teachers
6. List the Principles of Teaching &
Learning
What is Education?
How is that
different from
Schooling?
ed-u-ca-tion [ej-oo-key-shun]
noun
1. the act or process of imparting or acquiring general
knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning
and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or
others intellectually for mature life.
2. the act or process of imparting or acquiring
particular knowledge or skills, as for a profession.
3. a degree, level, or kind of schooling: a university
education.
4. the result produced by instruction, training, or
study: to show one's education.
5. the science or art of teaching; pedagogies.
school-ing [skoo-ling]
noun
1. the process of being taught in a
school.
2. instruction, education, or training,
especially when received in a
school.
3. the act of teaching.
4. Archaic . a reprimand.
The Purpose of Education
Education is:
– an adventure of the self – of private
purpose and experience.
Schooling is:
– A sociopolitical invention that seeks to
design a context or contexts for
shaping many “self’s”
– Children can become educated
without schools.
• From John I Goodlad, 1997.
The Purpose of Education
For schooling:
• education should be guided and
conducted to advance not just the
maturation of self, but also some public
need or good.
• The definition of public need or good
varies widely from society to society.
• “Don’t let schooling get in the way of
your education”. Mark Twain.
The Purpose of Education
• Transmit Culture
• Self Discipline
• Teach Values
• Teach About Life
• Teach How to Learn
“Give children a desire to learn and to teach them
how to use their minds and where to go to acquire
facts when their curiosity is aroused.” ~Elanor
Roosevelt
Is teaching an
art or a science?
Teaching is a science
 Study and explanation of
learning
 Systematic process
 Body of knowledge
 An applied science based on research
 Methods of teaching and the
learning environment can be
organized on a scientific or
objective basis
- Good plans, good tests, organized
presentations
Teaching is an art
 Artistic process achieving an end
product
 Imagination, intuition, skill
 Category of artistic activity
 Improv, performance art, dynamic,
unique, what, how, & when, to do
 Trade and a craft
 The practice of your trade, is indeed an
artistic process, extreme multi-tasking
 Skills depend greatly upon
personality variables
- Enthusiasm, caring, helpful
A vision and a reality
• Teaching is the most difficult of all arts
and the profoundest of all sciences.”
– Horace Mann
• Education is an admirable thing, but it is
well to remember from time to time that
nothing that is worth knowing can be
taught.
– Oscar Wilde
• What does education often do? It makes
a straight-cut ditch of a free, meandering
brook.
– Henry David Thoreau
Is Teaching a
Profession?
Four Characteristics of
a Profession
• Defined body of knowledge
beyond the grasp of the public
• Control over licensing,
certification, and entry
requirements
• Autonomy in making decisions
• High prestige and economic status.
– From: O. Stein, 1981.
Teaching as a Profession
Doctors & Lawyers argue that a profession
involves…





Lifelong career commitment
Social service
Intellectual technique
Code of ethics
Independent judgment relative to professional
performance
Does it possess a specialized body of
knowledge?
I am a teacher . . .
• I am a/an _______ educator by choice
and not by chance.
• I believe in American _______; I dedicate
my life to its development and the
advancement of its people.
• I will strive to set before my students by
my deeds and actions the highest
standards of citizenship for the
community, state and nation.
• I will endeavor to develop professionally
through study, travel and exploration.
I am a teacher (continued)
• I will not knowingly wrong my fellow
teachers. I will defend them as far as
honesty will permit.
• I will work for the advancement of
_______ education and I will defend it in
my community, state and nation.
• I realize that I am a part of the public
school system. I will work in harmony
with school authorities and other teachers
of the school.
• My love for youth will spur me on to
impart something from my life that will
help make for each of my students a full
and happy future.
Educational Organizations
• Professional Organizations (ACTE, NAAE)
–
–
–
–
Develop in-service for teachers
Represent members politically
Provide teacher resources (journals, supplies)
Insurance
• Teacher Unions (NEA, AFT)
– Professional in-service
– Collective Bargaining
– Insurance
• Trade organizations
– Specific to technical areas (e.g., NCBA, AWS,
etc.)
Professional Organizations
Professional Organizations
ACTE's 12 Divisions
The association is organized into 12 divisions, each of which
represents a specific segment of career and technical education
professionals. Each division is represented on ACTE's board of
directors by an elected vice president. ACTE members may
designate one division as part of their yearly dues; additional
division memberships are $10 each per year.
•Administration
•Adult Workforce Development
•Agricultural Education
•Business Education
•Family and Consumer Sciences Education
•Guidance
•Health Occupations Education
•Marketing Education
•New and Related Services
•Special Needs
•Technology Education
•Trade and Industrial Education
Why Should I Join?
• Professionalism
– To receive in-service
• Professionalism
– To support CTE politically
• Professionalism
– To foster fellowship within the CTE teachers
• Professionalism
– To improve my students’ career and
technical education
• Teacher conferences are a LOT of fun!
Benefits of Joining
• Techniques magazine • Quality networking and professional
development
• Legislative updates
• Cutting edge CTE news
• Career advancement
• $25,000 policy for common carrier accidental
death and dismemberment insurance within
the first year of annual membership
• Discounts on books, activities, etc. available
through association
• Retirement plans
Utah Association for Career
and Technical Education
• http://www.uacte.org/membership.html
Teacher Unions
Teacher Unions
What is the National Education Association?
•Nation's leading organization committed to advancing the
cause of public education.
•NEA has 2.7 million members
•NEA has affiliates in every state
•Founded in 1857 "to elevate the character and advance the
interests of the profession of teaching and to promote the
cause of popular education in the United States,”
•To fulfill the promise of a democratic society, the National
Education Association shall promote the cause of quality
public education and advance the profession of education;
expand the rights and further the interest of educational
employees; and advocate human, civil, and economic rights
for all.
Educational Organizations
American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO
The mission of the American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO, is to
improve the lives of our members and their families, to give voice to
their legitimate professional, economic and social aspirations, to
strengthen the institutions in which we work, to improve the quality of
the services we provide, to bring together all members to assist and
support one another and to promote democracy, human rights and
freedom in our union, in our nation and throughout the world.
The AFT has always counted notable
figures among its members, John Dewey
held AFT card number one.
Other AFT luminaries include Albert
Einstein, Hubert Humphrey and Frank
McCourt.
Characteristics of Effective
Teachers!!
I want to be an
Effective
Teacher
Is it possible to measure
“effective teaching’?
Measures of “effective teaching”?
• Student Learning
– Gain in student knowledge is the
best indicator of teaching
effectiveness
Being an Effective Teacher!
• Research on Teacher Effectiveness
consistently finds 5 variables that
are highly correlated with student
learning
1.
2.
3.
4.
Clarity
Variability
Enthusiasm
Task-Oriented & Businesslike
Behaviors
5. Opportunity to Learn Criterion
Material (Objectives)
Rosenshien & Furst (1971)
Clarity
• Organization of the
content
• Concepts & content
clearly explained
• Gives multiple
examples
• Points out practical
application
• Repeats difficult
ideas
• Assignments &
directions are clear
Variability
• Instructional
approaches and
methods
• Instructional
materials
• Visuals
• Learning activities
and engagement
• Types of
assessment
Enthusiasm
• Movement, Gestures
& Voice
• Shows facial
expression
• Uses humor
*caution*
• Questioning
techniques
• Interaction &
Engagement
Task-oriented & Business
Like Behaviors
• Objectives
• Concerned with
learning
• Encourages hard
and creative work
• Organization
from syllabus on
first day, to
objectives of daily
lesson, to
assessment
• Timing & pacing
Opportunity to Learn
Criterion Material
(Objectives)
• Teach to
established
objectives
• Relationship
between
objectives,
instruction and
assessment
Respect & Rapport
Principles of Learning &
Teaching
1. Subject matter must possess
meaning, organization, & structure
2. Readiness is a prerequisite for
learning, begin at the students
level
3. Students must be motivated to
learn
4. Students will rise to the level of
expectation
Principles of Learning &
Teaching
5. Success is a motivating source.
6. Students must be provided with
their learning progress.
7. Reinforced behaviors are more
likely to be learned.
8. Directed learning is more effective
than undirected learning.
Principles of Learning &
Teaching
9. Students should “Inquire into” vs.
being “instructed in” the subject
matter.
10. Students learn what they practice
and apply – in a supervised
educational setting.