Microbes and Diseases
(don’t write)
• All bacteria, some protists, and fungi are
unicellular organisms.
• Together, these tiny organisms are called
microbes.
Characteristics of Living Things
• All living things are composed of cells.
• All living things perform certain chemical
processes such as growth and digestion.
• All living things reproduce.
• All living things either make their own
nutrients or ingest nutrients from the
environment.
• All living things respond to stimuli such as light
and touch.
Disease
• A disease is any change that disrupts the
normal function of one or more body systems.
– Some diseases are caused by expose to certain
chemicals in the environment.
– Other diseases are caused by traits that are
inherited.
– Many disease are caused by pathogens, microbes
that cause a disease.
Disease
• Noninfectious Disease – not spread from one
organisms to another
• Infectious Disease – disease caused by a
pathogen
Viruses
• A virus is a particle that consists of a nucleic
acid enclosed within a protein shell that
requires a living cell in order to reproduce.
• Viruses lack nearly all characteristics of life.
• The shape of a virus is determined by the
arrangement of the proteins in its capsid.
(Capsid is the protective shell around the virus
cell.)
Diseases caused by VIRUSES
• Viruses cause disease by either damaging or
killing cells.
• A virus attaches to a healthy cell and then
injects DNA or RNA into the cell.
• A mutagen is anything that changes the DNA
of an organism. A virus can be a mutagen
because it inserts its own genes into the cell’s
DNA.
Diseases caused by VIRUSES
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Flu
Polio
Smallpox
Yellow Fever
Measles
AIDS
• Some types of cancer
are caused by viruses.
For example, cervical
cancer is associated
with exposure to the
human papilloma virus
(HPV)
Bacteria
• Bacteria are commonly referred to as
prokaryotes (no nucleus).
• Bacteria are organisms.
• Bacteria are named after their shapes.
Draw:
Coccus
Bacillus
Spirillum
Classifying Bacteria
• Bacteria are classified into 2 kingdoms
– Archaebacteria (can survive without oxygen)
– Eubacteria (ancient prokaryotes)
Diseases caused by BACTERIA
• Many diseases caused by bacteria have been
brought under control with the help of
antibiotics.
• Antibiotic Resistant – Bacteria that have
developed a resistance are no longer killed by
antibiotics.
Disease caused by BACTERIA
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Food poisoning
Leprosy
Lyme disease
Stomach ulcers
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis
Typhoid fever
Good Bacteria
Bad Bacteria
1. They help by recycling
dead animals and plants.1. Pathogenic bacteria cause
diseases.
2. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
- get nitrogen from the 2. Pathogenic bacteria not only
air – change to form
attacks humans. It can attack
plants can use.
plants, animals, protists,
fungi and even other
3. Bacteria helps fight
bacteria!
pollution by
bioremediation.
3. The bacteria can either infect
the body’s cells directly or the
4. Bacteria is used in foods
bacteria can produce toxins
such as yogurt and
(poisons).
cheese!
5. Medicines like antibiotics 4. Many epic diseases in human
history were caused by bacteria.
are made from bacteria!
Protists and Fungi
• Protists are eukaryotes (have nucleus and
membrane bound organelles)
• Kingdom Fungi includes both single-celled and
multi-celled organisms.
• Fungi are not able to make their own food.
Protists and Fungi
• Some fungi act as decomposers.
– Decomposers digest matter in the environment
and then take the matter they use as food into
their own cells
• Other fungi act as parasites.
– Parasites feed on the body fluids and tissues of
other organisms.
Diseases caused by MICROBES
List 4 facts about each of the following diseases
on the LEFT side of your notebook.
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Malaria
Giardiasis
African Trypanosomiasis
Amoebiasis