What is Matter?
●Matter is anything that has
________and _____________.
●Everything around you is matter,
including air.
●Every form of matter has two
kinds of properties:
● physical and ________.
How Do We Classify Matter?
● All matter can either be classified as either a
pure substance or a non-pure substance.
● A pure substance is a single kind of matter that
is always:
● 1) made of the same materials
● 2) combined in the same ratio
● Examples: table salt (NaCl), glucose, water, iron
● Non-pure substances: ___________________
● Question: Of all forms of matter in the world, are
more pure substances or non-pure substances?
● Answer:
Elements
● Elements are the “ingredients” that
make up all matter.
● All matter is composed of one or more
elements combined together.
● They cannot be broken down into any
other kind of substance.
● They are identified by their physical and
chemical properties and are represented
by one or two letters.
● Ex: Au, Al, N , O.
Atoms: Building Blocks
● Atoms are the smallest parts of elements and can be
thought of as the “structures” that make up all matter.
● Atoms differ depending on their number and
combination of 3 components:
● Proton ___, neutron ___, and electron ___
ex 1: copper atoms have 29 protons, oxygen atoms
have 8
● ex 2: carbon atoms can have 6, 7 or 8 neutrons
●
● When two or more atoms chemically combine, they
form a __________.
● Molecules are held together by chemical bonds: the
force of attraction between two or more atoms.
Compounds
● Compounds are pure substances that:
●are made up of 2 or more elements chemically
combined in a set ratio
●always have the same composition
●are difficult to separate into simpler parts
● They are represented by a chemical formula: a
formula that shows which elements are involved in
the compound and the ratio of atoms.
● Examples:
● rust ________
● table salt ________
● sucrose (white sugar) ________
Mixtures
● Mixtures are made up of two or more substances
that are together but not chemically combined.
● The substances that make up mixtures:
●keep their own properties
●are not present in a set ratio
●are easier to separate than in compounds
● Two ways to classify mixtures:
●Heterogeneous:
●examples:
●Homogeneous
●examples:
(solution):
How Can We Describe Matter?
1. Physical Properties:
Can be observed without changing the
substance into a new one.
● Describe how matter looks/feels/smells/tastes,
density, melting point, texture, state of matter.
● Ex: 1. Aluminum is a lustrous metal and has a
density of 2.7 g/cm3.
● Ex: 2. Water is a clear liquid at room
temperature.
● Ex: 3. Gold has a melting point of 1,064° C
and is a good conductor of electricity.
●
2. Chemical Properties:
Describe the ability of a substance to
combine with another substance to form a
________________.
● Tell us how matter can ______ to form
new kinds of matter.
● Examples:
●
●
●
1. flammability – hydrogen gas is highly flammable,
water is NOT flammable
2. reactivity (how easily a substance can chemically
react with others) - iron reacts slowly with O2 to
form rust (Fe2O3) .
1. ( Physical / Chemical ) properties describe matter.
2. ( Physical / Chemical ) properties of a substance can be easily
observed.
___ 18. Alka-Seltzer tablets react with water to
produce gas
___ 19. The color of the ball is red
3. One can use their five senses to determine the ( Physical / Chemical )
properties of a substance.
___ 20. Iron reacts with oxygen and forms rust
4. ( Physical / Chemical ) properties usually describe how a substance
reacts.
5. ( Physical / Chemical ) properties are not as easy to observe.
6. ( Physical / Chemical ) properties can be used to identify substances.
___ 21. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees C
___ 22. Baking soda reacts with vinegar
B. Use an uppercase “C” or “P” to identify the following as chemical or
physical properties:
___ 23. The gas is flammable
___ 7. Oxygen is odorless and colorless
___ 24. Oxygen is a gas
___ 8. Copper turns green when exposed to the environment
___ 9. The piece of metal is magnetic
___ 25. Argon is not very reactive
___ 10. The density of water is 1.0 gram per cubic centimeter
___ 11. Diamonds are a very hard substance
___ 12. The tree is 8 meters high
___ 26. Nitrogen is a colorless gas
___ 27. The silver spoons tarnished and turned dark
___ 13. Sodium reacts very easily with other elements.
___ 14. Copper conducts electricity
___ 28. The piece of metal is magnetic
___ 15. Water is a liquid
___ 16. The mass of the NaCl sample is 30 grams
___ 17. Gold is nonflammable
___ 29. A student’s shirt suddenly bursts into flames.
____30. Silver necklaces tarnish and turn green