LAND BIOMES
• BIOME- A LARGE AREA CHARACTERIZED BY ITS CLIMATE AND THE PLANTS AND ANIMALS THAT LIVE THERE
• ABIOTIC FACTORS- FEATURES OF AN ENVIRONMENT THAT ARE NOT ALIVE
• EX: SOIL, WATER, CLIMATE
• BIOTIC FACTORS- LIVING PARTS OF AN ENVIRONMENT
• EX: PLANTS, ANIMALS, BACTERIA
FOREST BIOMES
• THERE ARE THREE FOREST BIOMES:
• TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST
• CONIFEROUS FOREST
• TROPICAL RAIN FOREST
TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST
• DECIDUOUS FORESTS HAVE TREES THAT SHED THEIR LEAVES. THIS IS DUE TO THE TREES TRYING TO
PREVENT WATER LOSS DURING THE DRY SEASON.
• RAINFALL: MODERATE RAINFALL
• TEMPERATURE: NOT TOO HOT/ COLD; SEASONS!
• PLANTS: MAPLES, OAKS, PINES, CYPRUS, DOGWOOD,
• ANIMALS: DEER, SQUIRRELS, FOXES, CARDINALS, TURKEYS
• BIOME IN WHICH WE LIVE.
CONIFEROUS FOREST
•
CONIFEROUS FORESTS HAVE TREES THAT KEEP THEIR NEEDLE- SHAPED LEAVES YEAR- ROUND.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
CONIFER TREE LEAVES TWO TRAITS:
•
•
WAXY COATING
•
•
•
HELPS THE LEAVES FROM DRYING OUT
HELPS KEEP MANY OF THEIR LEAVES YEAR ROUND
PROTECTS THE NEEDLES FROM COLD TEMPERATURES
SPIKING NEEDLE LIKE
FEW LARGE PLANTS GROW BENEATH THE TREES
•
THE THICK NEEDLES COVER AND PREVENT MUCH SUNLIGHT FROM GETTING THROUGH.
SOMETIMES KNOWN AS TAIGA
RAIN: SOME RAIN, SOME SNOW
TEMPERATURE: WARM SUMMERS, COLD WINTERS
PLANTS: EVERGREEN TREES
ANIMALS: MOOSE, BEAVER, SNOW SHOE RABBIT
TROPICAL RAIN FOREST
• RAINFORESTS HAVE THE MOST BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY THAN ANY OTHER BIOME.
• MOST ANIMALS IN THIS BIOME LIVE IN THE CANOPY AND TREETOPS.
• MOST OF THE NUTRIENTS ARE FOUND IN PLANTS.
• LOTS OF RAINFALL IN A YEAR, WARM CLIMATE
• ANIMALS: ORANGUTANS, TOUCANS, COBRAS, TREE SQUIRRELS, INSECTS, BUTTERFLIES, SLOTHS
• PLANTS: FIGS, FERNS, KAPOK TREE, FLOWERING PLANTS
GRASSLANDS
•
•
•
•
•
IMPORTANT TERMS:
•
•
•
STEPPE- FLAT GRASSLAND FOUND IN EUROPE OR SIBERIA
PRAIRIE- GRASSLANDS IN NORTH AMERICA
PAMPA- GRASSLANDS IN ARGENTINA, BRAZIL, URUGUAY
TEMPERATE GRASSLANDS DO NOT HAVE TREES BECAUSE OF
RAINFALL: MODERATE TO LOW
PLANTS: FARM LAND, MOSTLY SEEDS AND GRASSES, RED BUD TREE, CONEFLOWER
ANIMALS: CATTLE, BISON, ZEBRA, ELEPHANT, GIRAFFE
•
GRAZING ANIMALS
DESERTS
• TEMPERATURE: EXTREMES; HOT DURING THE DAY, CAN GET VERY COLD AT NIGHT
• RAINFALL: VERY LITTLE TO NO RAINFALL
• PLANTS: CACTUS, PRICKLY PEAR
• VERY LITTLE PLANTS, ONES THAT DO LIVE HAVE ADAPTATIONS BECAUSE OF LACK OF WATER
•
•
•
•
FAR APART
SHALLOW WIDE SPREAD ROOTS
STORE WATER
WAXY COATING
• ANIMALS: LIZARDS, JACKRABBIT, SNAKES, DINGO
• SURVIVE WITH LITTLE WATER
• SEEK SHELTER DURING THE DAY
TUNDRA
• TEMPERATURE: VERY COLD
• RAINFALL: MOSTLY SNOW
• PERMAFROST- FROZEN SOIL ON GROUND
• WATER IS UNAVAILABLE BECAUSE IT IS FROZEN
• PLANTS: DARK RED LEAVES, COTTON GRASS, CUSHION PLANTS
• SMALL AND GROW CLOSE TO THE GROUND
• SHALLOW ROOTS TO HOLD IN PLACE
• LICHENS GROW CLOSE TO THE GROUND
• ANIMALS: ARCTIC WOLF, POLAR BEAR, PENGUINS, SNOW OWL, CARIBOU
MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
• MARINE= OCEAN (SALT WATER)
• COVERS 75% OF EARTH
• UP TO 7 MILES DEEP
• TEMPERATURE: DECREASES AS WATER GETS DEEPER
• SURFACE ZONE HAS THE WARMEST WATER
ZONES
• INTERTIDAL ZONE: OCEAN MEETS LAND, EXPOSED TO AIR PART OF THE DAY (TIDES)
•
ANIMALS: CRABS, JELLYFISH, PLOVER
•
•
SOMETIMES KNOWN AS COASTAL WATERS
LOTS OF LIFE: SALMON, SEA BASS, SHARKS, DOLPHINS
•
•
DEEP SEA VOLCANOS, OCEAN BASINS
LARGE MAMMALS: WHALES, SHARKS, DOLPHINS
•
ANIMALS: MOSTLY SCAVENGERS
• NERITIC ZONE: WARM WATER, LOTS OF SUNLIGHT, OCEAN FLOOR STARTS TO SLOPE
• OCEANIC ZONE: SEA FLOOR DROPS, DEEP WATER OF OPEN OCEAN
• BENTHIC ZONE: OCEAN FLOOR, DEEP PARTS GET NO SUNLIGHT
•
•
FOOD FLOATS DOWN TO THE BOTTOM
ADAPTED TO HIGH PRESSURE
INTERTIDAL AREAS
• MUDFLATS
• SANDY BEACHES
• ROCKY SHORES
CORAL REEFS
• FOUND IN TROPICAL OCEANS
• 1% OF OCEAN FLOOR, BUT 25% OF ANIMALS IN OCEAN
• ANIMALS: CORAL, SPONGES, SEA-STARS, SEA URCHINS, CLOWN FISH, RAYS, SKATES
ANIMALS: LARGE DIVERSITY
• BLUE WHALES: LARGEST ANIMALS
• SALMON
• DOLPHINS
• TURTLES
• SHARKS
• CORAL
• CRUSTACEANS: SHRIMP
• BIVALVES: CLAMS
• ECHINODERMS: STARFISH
• SPONGES
PLANKTON
• TINY ORGANISMS THAT FLOAT NEAR THE SURFACE OF FRESHWATER AND MARINE ENVIRONMENTS
• MAKE THEIR OWN FOOD
• NOT NECESSARILY ANIMALS (ANIMALS, PROTIST, ALGEA, ARCHAE, BACTERIA)
ESTUARY
• WHERE FRESH WATER FROM RIVERS MIXES WITH OCEAN SALT WATER
•
BRACKISH WATER
• LIFE ADAPTED TO LIVE IN THESE CONDITIONS
• TYPICALLY PROTECTED FROM ROUGH OCEAN CHANGES
•
TIDES, WAVES, STORMS
• PLANTS: SALT GRASS, PICKLE WEED
•
ADAPTED TO STAND THE SALTY WATER
• ANIMALS: MIGRATORY BIRDS, FIDDLER CRABS,
FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
• LAKES, PONDS, RIVERS AND STREAMS
• PLANTS: CAT TAILS, REEDS, WATER LILY
• ADAPTATION TO KEEP THEM FROM BEING CARRIED AWAY BY THE WATER
• ANIMALS: TURTLES, TROUT, FISH, INSCETS
GREAT RESOURCES
• WWW.MBGNET.NET
• HTTP://KIDS.NCEAS.UCSB.EDU/BIOMES/INDEX.HTML