Chapter 17 Key Terms Alveoli Trachea Respiration Glottis Inspiration Bronchioles Partial Pressure Thyroid Cartilage Eustachian Tube 1 Larynx Surfactant Epiglottis Pleural Cavity Bronchi Internal Respiration Vocal folds Nasal Septum Nasopharynx 2 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 17: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 3 Respiratory System Purpose Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and the blood C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP Respiration The overall exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells 4 Respiratory Organs Nose Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs 5 The Nose External nares (Nostrils) Nasal cavity Divided into left and right nasal cavities by nasal septum Anterior portion has 3 functions Warm, moisten, and filter air Olfactory stimuli are detected Resonating chambers (sinuses) help create speech sounds 6 The Nose Nasal cavity Chonchae Nasal cavity divided into passageways Superior extend from cavity wall meatus Middle meatus Inferior meatus Chonchae and nasal cavity are lined with mucous membrane Traps Cilia particles filtered by hairs moves mucus to back of throat to be swallowed 7 The Nose Olfactory receptors line the membrane of the superior meatus Olfactory region Goblet cells in the membrane secrete mucus Mucus moistens air and traps particles Capillaries in the membrane help warm the air 8 The Sinuses Sinus Air filled space inside bone 4 Sinuses Sphenoidal Frontal Ethmoidal Maxillary Help reduce some of the weight of the head 9 Pharynx Also called the throat Lined with mucous membrane Nasopharynx – posterior portion of nasal cavity Connected Connect to the Eustachian tubes to the middle ear (pressure control) Oropharynx – passageway for air and food Laryngopharynx – connection for the mouth and esophagus, and the nose and trachea 10 Larynx AKA voice box Thyroid cartilage is most prominent feature (Adam’s apple) Moves up and down when swallowing/talking Epiglottis covers the glottis when swallowing Cough reflex functions when anything other than air enters larynx False vocal folds – close to keep food from entering lungs Vocal folds – vibrate to produce speech Trachea carries air from larynx to the bronchi 11 Bronchi Trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi Trachea and bronchi contain incomplete rings of hyaline cartilage Bronchi branch into bronchioles 12 The Lungs 2 lungs enclosed in pleural membrane Parietal pleura – attaches lung to wall of thoracic cavity Visceral pleura – covers the lungs Pleural cavity – space between those two membranes Right lung has 3 lobes Left lung has 2 lobes Bronchioles contain alveoli Very thin walls for diffusion (respiratory membrane) 13 14 The Respiration Process Purpose Supply cells with O2 and remove CO2 3 processes Ventilation/breathing Exchange of gases between atmosphere and lungs Inspiration/inhalation External respiration Exchange Internal and expiration/exhalation of gases between blood and lungs respiration Exchange of gases between blood and cells of the body 15 The Respiration Process Diaphragm contracts lungs expand, forcing air into lungs O2 and CO2 exchanged diaphragm relaxes, forcing air out Hemoglobin transports gases in blood The pressure of a gas determines the rate it diffuses from one area to another Partial pressure = amount of pressure that gas contributes to the total pressure Air = 21% O2 21% x 760 mmHg = 159.6 mmHg 16