Chapter 17 Key Terms
Alveoli
Trachea
Respiration
Glottis
Inspiration
Bronchioles
Partial Pressure
Thyroid Cartilage
Eustachian Tube
1
Larynx
Surfactant
Epiglottis
Pleural Cavity
Bronchi
Internal Respiration
Vocal folds
Nasal Septum
Nasopharynx
2
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
CHAPTER 17: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
3
Respiratory System
Purpose
Exchange
oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere
and the blood
C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 38 ATP
Respiration
The
overall exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood,
and cells
4
Respiratory Organs
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Lungs
5
The Nose
External nares (Nostrils)
Nasal cavity
Divided
into left and right nasal cavities by nasal septum
Anterior
portion has 3 functions
Warm,
moisten, and filter air
Olfactory
stimuli are detected
Resonating
chambers (sinuses) help create speech sounds
6
The Nose
Nasal cavity
Chonchae
Nasal
cavity divided into passageways
Superior
extend from cavity wall
meatus
Middle
meatus
Inferior
meatus
Chonchae and nasal cavity are lined with mucous membrane
Traps
Cilia
particles filtered by hairs
moves mucus to back of throat to be swallowed
7
The Nose
Olfactory receptors line the membrane of the superior meatus
Olfactory
region
Goblet cells in the membrane secrete mucus
Mucus moistens air and traps particles
Capillaries in the membrane help warm the air
8
The Sinuses
Sinus
Air
filled space inside bone
4 Sinuses
Sphenoidal
Frontal
Ethmoidal
Maxillary
Help reduce some of the weight of the head
9
Pharynx
Also called the throat
Lined with mucous membrane
Nasopharynx – posterior portion of nasal cavity
Connected
Connect
to the Eustachian tubes
to the middle ear (pressure control)
Oropharynx – passageway for air and food
Laryngopharynx – connection for the mouth and esophagus,
and the nose and trachea
10
Larynx
AKA voice box
Thyroid cartilage is most prominent feature (Adam’s apple)
Moves
up and down when swallowing/talking
Epiglottis covers the glottis when swallowing
Cough
reflex functions when anything other than air enters larynx
False vocal folds – close to keep food from entering lungs
Vocal folds – vibrate to produce speech
Trachea carries air from larynx to the bronchi
11
Bronchi
Trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi
Trachea and bronchi contain incomplete rings of hyaline
cartilage
Bronchi branch into bronchioles
12
The Lungs
2 lungs enclosed in pleural membrane
Parietal
pleura – attaches lung to wall of thoracic
cavity
Visceral pleura – covers the lungs
Pleural cavity – space between those two
membranes
Right lung has 3 lobes
Left lung has 2 lobes
Bronchioles contain alveoli
Very
thin walls for diffusion (respiratory membrane)
13
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The Respiration Process
Purpose
Supply
cells with O2 and remove CO2
3 processes
Ventilation/breathing
Exchange
of gases between atmosphere and lungs
Inspiration/inhalation
External
respiration
Exchange
Internal
and expiration/exhalation
of gases between blood and lungs
respiration
Exchange
of gases between blood and cells of the body
15
The Respiration Process
Diaphragm contracts lungs expand, forcing air into lungs
O2 and CO2 exchanged diaphragm relaxes, forcing air out
Hemoglobin transports gases in blood
The pressure of a gas determines the rate it diffuses from one
area to another
Partial
pressure = amount of pressure that gas contributes to the
total pressure
Air
= 21% O2
21%
x 760 mmHg = 159.6 mmHg
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