College and Career Terms
Leadership and Career
Development
Miss Mann 2014
Technical School
AKA: Vocational Education
• 1-2 year school
Example Programs:
• Cosmetology
• Automotive Technology
• HV/AC
• Culinary Arts
• Photography
• Technical School Programs
• Technical Careers
Benefits of Technical Schools
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Skill-Specific Education
Day/Night Classes
Lower Tuition Costs
Open Admissions Policy
More one-on-one instruction and hands-on experience.
Community College
• 2 year school offering an Associate’s Degree
Benefits:
• Low Tuition
• Live at Home
• Enter workforce sooner
Option 2:
• Transfer to a University for a Bachelor’s Degree
Example: 2 years at BC3, 2 years at PITT
Bachelor/Baccalaureate (B.A. or B.S.)
A degree awarded by a college or university to a person
who has completed __4 years__ of undergraduate studies.
*2 years of liberal studies courses
*2 years of major courses
Examples:
• Education
• Engineering
• Marketing
• Pre-med
What are Liberal Studies?
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College Writing
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Research Writing
Humanities and Literature •
Fine Art Elective
Denotes a curriculum that
imparts general knowledge
and develops the student’s
rational thought and
intellectual capabilities.
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Math
Science with Lab
History and Geography
Psychology
Sociology
Philosophy
Technology Course
Other Electives
Majors Explored
Social Sciences – Study of Human Society and Social
Relationships
• Psychology, Anthropology, Philosophy, Geography,
Sociology, Criminology
Humanities/Fine Arts – Imaginative, Aesthetic, or
Intellectual Content
• Art, Dance, Theater, Music, Visual Arts, Foreign
Languages, Cultural courses, Poetry, Literature, Religion
Natural Sciences – Deals with the physical world
• Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Meteorology, Archaeology,
Geology
Art vs. Science
Bachelor of Arts
1. General Education
2. Core Courses
3. Foreign language
4. Theoretical Research
5. Less Rigid
Psychology, Sociology,
History, Law
Well-Rounded Graduate
Bachelor of Science
1. General Education
2. Core Courses
3. Lab work w/ Accurate
Results
4. Computer and
Technology Oriented
Math, Science, Computers,
Medicine
Highly Knowledgeable in
Field of Study
4 year Universities
Private
• Often Costs More
• Sometimes Affiliated w/
Religions
• Funding from Alumni and
Businesses
Public
• Often Costs Less for Instate students
• Funded by Local and
State Governments
Bachelor’s Degree Graduation
Requirements
• 120 credits
• Average 4 years
Example Exams to become licensed or certified:
• Teacher – 5 Praxis exams
- Math, Reading, Writing, 2 content area exams
• Engineer – FE exam (8 hours) and PE Exam (8 hours)
• Nurse – National Council Licensure Exam (NCLEX-RN)
• Architect – Architect Registration Exam – 7 exams
Master’s Degree (M.A. or M.S.)
An academic degree given after completion of about
__2 years__ of study beyond the bachelor's degree.
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Masters of Business Administration, MBA
Masters of Physical Therapy, MPA (changing to Doctorate)
Physician’s Assistant, P.A.
Masters in Education, M.Ed.
Master’s Degree Requirements
BEFORE:
Take the entrance exam:
GRE – Graduate Record Examination
-analogy, antonym, reading comprehension, sentence
completion, problem solving, and quantitative comparison.
DURING:
Complete 30-36 credits, or 1-2 years of work
AFTER:
Write a Thesis – a 30-50 page research paper
*not always required
Law Degree
An academic degree given after completion of
__3 years __ of study beyond the bachelor's degree.
Steps to becoming a lawyer:
1. Obtain any 4 year Bachelor’s degree
2. Pass the L-SAT – Law School Admission Test
3. Complete the 3 year law school
4. Pass the Bar Exam to obtain licensure
Minimum # of years to become a lawyer: 7 years
Jurisdiction Doctorate
• 4 years beyond Law School
• Dissertation Required
• Terminal Degree – highest level of law education
possible
4 year Bachelor’s Degree
3 year Law Degree
4 year Jurisdiction Doctorate Degree
11 years total (sometimes completed in less time)
Research Doctorate Degree
• Granted upon completion of extensive academic work
in a field of study.
• It takes about __4__ years to complete the Ph.D
___Dissertation___
• An original work ranging in length, per discipline,
from 50 to 800 pages
• Published in Scholarly Journals or as a Book
• Doctor of Philosophy, Ph.D.
• Doctor of Education, Ed. D.
• Doctor of Engineering, Eng. D.
Research Doctorates
What steps are necessary to earn a Ph.D.?
1. Attend a 4 year university (Bachelors)
2. Attend a 2 year graduate school (Masters)
3. Complete a 4 year doctoral program
4. Complete a Dissertation (_50-800_ pages)
How many total years?
About 10 years
Professional Doctorate Degrees
• Research doctorates with a focus on applied research
for professional purposes.
• Typically earned in _4_ years.
• Most often do not require the Master’s Degree!
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Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine, D.O.
Doctor of Medicine, M.D.
Doctor of Dental Medicine, D.M.D.
Doctor of Dental Surgery, D.D.S.
Doctor of Pharmacy, Pharm.D.
Residency
• In-depth training for physicians after medical school.
• Focuses on specific branches such as:
• Neurosurgery
• Pediatrics
• Cardiology
• Additional __2-7 years__ of training after obtaining the
M.D.
***You are a paid physician at this time but it is still training,
like an internship is for business students.
Attending Physician Requirements
Steps to becoming a Physician/Surgeon:
1. Obtain a Bachelor’s degree in a Science Field
2. Pass the M-CAT – Medical College Admission Test
3. Complete the 4 year medical school
4. Complete the 2-7 year residency
5. Pass the United States Medical Licensing
Examination (USMLE) to obtain licensure, also
known as the “Boards” exam
Minimum # of years to become an Attending: 10-17
years
What to consider when choosing a
career:
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Passion for the Field
Related Skills
Nature of the Work
Working Conditions
Job Outlook
Salary/Benefits
Degrees Required
Nature of the Work
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What will you be doing?
What are your job responsibilities?
Example: Nurse
1. Treat Patients
2. Educating patients and the public about various
medical conditions
3. Record patients’ medical histories and symptoms
4. Help to perform diagnostic tests and analyze results
5. Operate medical machinery
6. Administer treatment and medications
Example Working Conditions
Registered Nurse
• Well-lighted, comfortable health care facilities
• Considerable time walking and standing
• 24-hour care
• May work nights, weekends, and holidays
• May be on call—available to work on short notice
• Must observe rigid, standardized guidelines to guard
against disease and other dangers
• May suffer emotional strain from observing patient
suffering
Job Outlook
• Is there a good chance you will get a job right after
graduating from school?
• Is the field competitive?
• Is there a high turnover rate? (people quit often)
Example: Nurse
• Job opportunities for RNs in all specialties are expected
to be excellent.
• Registered nurses are projected to create the second
largest number of new jobs among all occupations.
Salary (Earnings) / Benefits
Salary
• a fixed compensation periodically paid to a person for
regular work or services
• May be paid once a week, every other week, or once a
month.
Fringe Benefits
• compensation that is not in the form of direct cash to a
worker
• Health insurance, vision and dental insurance, life and
disability insurance, sick days, paid vacations, holidays,
401K, stocks, gas mileage, cell phone usage, company
car, flexible work schedules, child care, tuition
reimbursement, and bonuses
WEB RESOURCES
• Occupational Outlook
Handbook
www.bls.gov/oco
BOOKS
• Occupational Outlook
Handbook
• America’s Top Jobs
• America’s Career Info Net
www.acinet.org
• Career Journal
www.careerjournal.com
• Career Builder
www.careerbuilder.com
• Careers and Colleges
www.careersandcolleges.com
• America’s Fasting Growing
Jobs
• 101 Careers
• Outdoor Careers
• America’s Federal Jobs
• Encyclopedia of Careers
• 200 Best Jobs for College
Graduates
Assignment:
• Complete the OCO Assignment using the
online Occupational Outlook Handbook
• Due: