Mobile IP
Evolution of Data Services
GSM
Circuit Switched
Data Today
GPRS
Packet Data
for GSM
CDMA
Mobile IP
Packet Switching
For Data Built-in
Other Cellular
Some AMPS and Non-AMPS
Cellular Systems Have Packet
Ability Today
Cellular Systems Are Moving Toward Support for Packet Data
This Is the Foundation for Mobile IP
N+I_2k
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
02_mobile_ip
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CIP and MIP
• Cellular IP
Draft for providing network access to mobile
users within a small area (BS handover
between a few cells)
• Mobile IP
Macro mobility between CIP LANs and other
NWs
N+I_2k
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
02_mobile_ip
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MIP Requirements
• Mobile host must be able to change his LL
attachement point without changing IP
address and data loss
• Mobile host must be able to communicate
with any other host in external networks
• No enhancements and changes to IP
protocol
• Mobility messages transmitted over the
NW must be encrypted
N+I_2k
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
02_mobile_ip
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MIP Functionality
• Two new nodes are introduced
HA – home agent
FA – foreign agent
• MS currently not located in its home NW is serviced by FA
• FA takes care of all mobile users visiting the foreign NW
• FA notifies HA that MS is now reachable under FA’s c/o (care of)
address
• All date sent to MS will be routed to home NW where HA
takes care of data packets
Does IP encapsulation
Routes them to c/o address
• Data from MS are directly forwarded to his home NW
N+I_2k
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
02_mobile_ip
5
Mobile IP Is the Solution for Wireless
Connectivity
• Transparent interoperability with all other
hosts
• Mobile always reachable at the same IP
address
• Only the home agent needs to know the
mobile’s location
• All other routers do normal forwarding
N+I_2k
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
02_mobile_ip
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Mobile IP
• The IETF proposed standard solution
for mobility at Layer 3
• RFCs 2002–2006 define the functionality
• Protocol works over any intermediate
media
• Movement is transparent to hosts who
communicate with the mobile user
• No IP address changes are needed
to allow mobility
N+I_2k
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
02_mobile_ip
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Overview: Mobile IP Functionality
ISP
Internet
HA
MN
•Mobile IP forms a layer 3 tunnel
From Home Agent (HA)
To the Mobile Node (MN)
•HA can continue to use its home address to receive IP Datagrams
N+I_2k
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
02_mobile_ip
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Mobile IP
When the new Registration is received,
a new COA is installed in the HA
RFC 2002
MN
FA
FA
Mobility Binding Table:
MN
CoA
1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1
10.31.2.1
1.1.1.7 10.31.1.1
1.1.1.8 10.31.2.1
1.1.1.5 10.31.3.1
MN
10.31.3.1
10.31.2.1
FA
MN
HA
New Data Path
10.31.1.1
No Change Is
Propagated to
Correspondents
Old Data Path
The Movement Is Transparent to all Other Devices
N+I_2k
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
02_mobile_ip
9
MIP Routing
• No optimized routing (roundabout route
over HA)
• Inefficient tunnel from HA to FA (IP
encapsulated in IP)
Can be optimized with minimal encapsulation
(RFCs 2003 and 2004)
• Can be implemented on top of existing
GPRS mobility management
Use GGSN as FA
Router at home NW serves as HA
N+I_2k
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
02_mobile_ip
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A Look Ahead for Cellular & PCS
Backbone Transition From Circuit to Packet
BTS
Completed
packet
network
backbone
BSC
VLR
HLR
AUC
EIR
MSC
BSC
MSC
•Packet network
supports all backbone
& backhaul
•BSC becomes a service
element in the network
•MSC services begin to
distribute to service
elements
BTS
Backbone
N+I_2k
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
02_mobile_ip
11
Expected Market Evolution
1999
Data
Services
2000
2001
Packet
Backbone
Peer-to-Peer
- GPRS
- Packet BTS
- common IP infrastructure
for 2G & 3G
- CDMA data
- Packet gateways
- Mobile IP
- PSTN and toll bypass
- high speed data /
multimedia services
- Feature servers
N+I_2k
2002
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
02_mobile_ip
- no MSC
- innovative services
everywhere
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BTS Packet Backhaul
Network Migration 1
GPRS
PSTN
BSC
MSC
BTS
• Low cost IP packet
backhaul
Reduced recurring costs
Packet
BTS
IP
Packets
BTS Backhaul
Better bandwidth
efficiency
Positioned for 3G
N+I_2k
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
02_mobile_ip
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Circuit/Packet Gateways
Network Migration 2
PSTN
BSC
Packet
BTS
IP
Packet
Network
2G Voice / data
MSC
Internet
Circuit/Packet
Gateways
• Minimize MSC dependence
VoIP
Offload traffic
PSTN/Toll Bypass services
Data Services
N+I_2k
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
02_mobile_ip
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Service Gateways
Network Migration 3
PSTN
BSC
Packet
BTS
Packet
Network
2G Voice / data
MSC
Internet
Circuit/Packet
Circuit
Gateways
Gateways
Service Gateways
•
Enhanced Services
Feature servers
APIs for 3rd parties
Rapid service delivery
N+I_2k
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
02_mobile_ip
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Peer-to-Peer
Call
Control
PSTN
Circuit
Gateways
Integrated
BTS
IP Network
Service
Gateways
Feature
Servers
Integrated
BTS
N+I_2k
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
Internet
3rd Pary
Apps.
02_mobile_ip
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New World Vision
ATM-IP Enabled Infrastructure
Today’s Wireless Voice Network “New World” Wireless Infrastructure
VLR
VLR
MSC
HLR
AUC
BSC
Service
Element
EIR
ATM/IP
HLR
AUC
Service
Element
EIR
MSC
Backhaul
ATM/IP
MSC
BTS
BSC
Service
Element
BTS
PSTN
Internet
Backbone
Complete packet network for
backhaul and backbone
N+I_2k
© 2000, Peter Tomsu
02_mobile_ip
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Questions ???