Matter has physical and chemical properties
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Matter is anything that has mass and
volume
◦ Mass is the amount of matter in an object, often
measured in grams or kilograms
◦ Volume is the amount of space an object takes up
(both solids and fluids), often measured in
millilitres or litres
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A volleyball or a shot put ball?
◦ Mass?
◦ Volume?
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Matter can be solid, liquid, or gas, or a
combination of these states.
Example, bubbles are both liquid and gas.
Solids, liquids, and gases are called states of
matter.
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Melting – a change from a solid to a liquid
◦ Example: an ice cube melting
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Evaporation – a change from a liquid to a
gas (also called vapourization)
◦ Example: water boiling creating steam
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Condensation - A change from a gas to a
liquid
◦ Example: steam from the shower
forming water droplets on the mirror
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Freezing – A change from a liquid to a solid
◦ Example: Water freezing into ice

Sublimation – A change from solid directly
into a gas
◦ Example: dry ice ‘smoking’
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Deposition – A change from gas directly
into solid
◦ Example: Snow! Clouds become a solid (snow)
without becoming water (rain) first
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The temperature at which a solid turns into a
liquid is called the melting point. For example,
the melting point of water is 0°C.
The temperature at which a liquid turns into a
solid is called the freezing point. For example,
the freezing point of water is 0°C. (Notice these
are the same, they are always the same
temperature).
The temperature in which a liquid turns to a gas
is called the boiling point. For water this is
100°C.
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Is a way to describe the structure of matter
and its behaviour.
Matter can be broken into smaller and
smaller pieces until it’s the smallest possible
piece, called a particle.
There are 4 parts to the theory…
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1. All matter is composed of very tiny objects
called particles
◦ These particles are too small to be seen, even with
a microscope.
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2. All particles have space between them
◦ These distances change for the different states of
matter (solid, liquid, gas)
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3. Particles present in matter are always in
motion
◦ In solids they vibrate back and forth
◦ In a gas they move in all directions
◦ In a liquid particles slide past one another, but
stay close together.
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4. The particles in a substance attract each
other
◦ Why can you stand on concrete and not on water?
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/mole
cules.swf
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All matter is made up of different types or
combinations of particles.
Different types and combinations of particles
give every type of matter particular
characteristics, or properties.
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A property is a characteristic that describes a
substance (ex: colour, temperature, state,
smell, etc).
Substances may be classified as pure
substances or as mixtures.
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are made up of only one kind of matter (for
example, pure water)
are either an element or a compound
(example: gold is an element, sugar is a
compound)
◦ An element is found on the periodic table of
elements (like sodium)
◦ A compound is a combination of two or more
elements that are combined chemically (like salt)
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Have a unique set of properties, such as colour,
hardness, boiling point, melting point.
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What are some properties of water?
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Is water an element or a compound?
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A mixture is a combination of pure
substances, but the substances are not
combined chemically
There are 3 main type of mixtures:
mechanical mixture, suspension, and solution
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The different substances are visible.
 Examples: soil, seasoning salt
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When the different parts are visible it’s
called heterogeneous (parts look different)
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Are a cloudy mixture in which tiny particles of
one substance are held within another
 Examples: tomato juice, salad dressing that is
shaken
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Suspensions are also heterogeneous
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The different substances that make it up are
not individually visible, one substance is
dissolved in the other.
 These are homogeneous mixtures (all parts look
the same)
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Examples: sugar dissolved in coffee, salt
dissolved in water