1922-1936
17:1 Objectives:
• List causes and effects of the Great
Depression.
• Describe the U.S. response to the Depression.
• Explain some weaknesses of the League of
Nations.
• 17:1 study guide
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1. Weakness of the League of nations
2. reparations and Germany’s payment problem.
3. inflation
4. Dawes Plan
5. Treaty of Locarno
6. Kellogg-Briand Pact
7. depression
8. causes and effects of the depression
9. How do Germany, France, Britain and US deal with
the depression?
17:1 Search for Stability
• League of Nations is weak.
• U. S. does not join the League of Nations.
• Reparations• Germany has trouble paying up.
• Inflation –
• $ becomes worthless.
• 19144.2 marks = $1US
• Nov1,1923 130billion = $1US
• Nov30,1923 4 trillion = $1US
• Dawes Plan•
coordinated German annual payments with its
ability to pay & granting $200 million loan.
• This opened the door to heavy American
investments in Europe.
• Treaty of Locarno• France & Germany agree on borders
• Kellogg-Briand Pact –
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signed by 63 nations pledged to “renounce war
as an instrument of national policy”
• But…no way to enforce promises.
• Depression – period of low economic activity &
rising unemployment
• (devastated morale, led to extremist political parties , creating conditions for WWII)
• CAUSES:
– Overproduction = falling prices
– International financial crisis (US stock
market)
EFFECTS:
-Increased gov’t activity in economics
-renewed interest in Marxist theory
(led people to follow political leaders who offered simple solutions in
return for dictatorial power)
• GERMANY: William II leadership to end with
war; depression=unemployment & fear
• FRANCE: became strongest power in Europe;
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later economic instability led to political
effects; Popular Front Government =
collective bargaining- right for unions to
negotiate with employers over wage/hours
• Problems of depression = little confidence in political
system
• BRITAIN: New conservative gov’t;
• John Maynard Keynes – economist
– Deficit Spending –
– Spending $ gov’t doesn’t have=
• UNITED STATES:
– FDR – “New Deal”
– WPA – Works Progress Administration
– Social Security Act
17:1 SUMMARY
• List causes and effects of the Great
Depression.
• Describe the U.S. response to the Depression.
• Explain some weaknesses of the League of
Nations.
•
see p. 534 “Flu Epidemic”
17:2 The Rise of Dictatorial
Regimes
• What are Totalitarian and Fascism gov’ts?
• Where did they rule and who were the
leaders?
• How did Mussolini take over Italy?
• When and who created the USSR?
• How does Stalin change the Soviet Unions
economy?
• EUROPE
DEMOCRATIC
DICTATORSHIPS
FRANCE
GREAT BRITAIN
ITALY
SOVIET UNION
GERMANY
OTHERS
Totalitarian – gov’t that aims to control the
political, economic, social, intellectual &
culture lives of its citizens.
• Fascism –
• emphasizes strong central gov’t led by a
dictator ruler; people are controlled by gov’t &
opposition is suppressed.
• Benito Mussolini – Italy
• (Father of Fascism)
• Il Duce – “The Leader”
P 542 People in History
• Russia had Lenin and Communism after WWI
• NEP – New Economic Policy
• (saved Russia from economic disaster)
• 1922 Lenin/Communist formally create the
USSR – Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
• 1924…Lenin dies
• Politburo – 7 member policy-making body of
Communist Party
• Leon Trotsky & Joseph Stalin
p. 543 People in History @ Joseph Stalin
• Stalin ends NEP ; replaces with his
• 5 – year Plan - to transform Russia from an
agricultural country to Industrial country
• Collectivization - system where private farms
were eliminated; gov’t owned land/peasants
worked it.
• The Great Purge of 1930’s
SUMMARY
• What are Totalitarian and Fascism gov’ts?
• Where did they rule and who were the
leaders?
• How did Mussolini take over Italy?
• When and who created the USSR?
• How does Stalin change the Soviet Unions
economy?
17:3 Hitler & Nazi Germany
• OBJECTIVE:
• Explain how Hitler and the Nazi Party
established a totalitarian state in Germany
• Adolf Hitler
• 1921 took control of German Workers’ Party…
• National Socialist German Workers’ Party..
• NAZI
• Racism & anti-Semitism
• “ Mein Kampf”…..“My Struggle”
• About his movement and basic ideas:
– Extreme German nationalism
– Strong anti-Semitism
– Anti Communism
– ….linked by social Darwin theory of struggle emphasizes
right of superior nations to “living space” thru expansion
& right of superior individuals to gain authoritarian
leadership over masses
• Nazi Party becomes largest in German
Parliament = Reichstag
*Hitler becomes a dictator appointed by
parliament…..Enabling Act
Concentration Camps set up for those who
opposed new regime
President Hindenburg died 1934….
Hitler = Fuhrer
p. 550 Hitler Youth Organization
Aryan racial state to dominate
Third Reich = Empire of Nazi
Germany
“SS” Guard Squadrons
• Hitler used a massive rearmament program to
put people back to work from depression.
• Nuremberg Laws (1935) – excluded Jews from
German citizenship & required them to wear Star
of David
• Kristallnacht = “night of shattered glass”
– Destructive rampage against Jews
SUMMARY
• Explain how Hitler and the Nazi Party
established a totalitarian state in Germany
• SEE “3 DICTATORS” CHART P. 552 (2Q’S)
17:4 Cultural & Intellectual Trends
• Objective: Describe popular forms of
entertainment used to spread political
messages
• Radio, Movies
• Mass Leisure…offered new ways totalitarian
states controlled people
• Artist after WWI... “The world doesn’t make
sense, why should art?”
• Photomontage – combo of pics (collage’)
• Artistic movements: Dada and surrealism
– Both reflect unconscious content of the mind
Summary
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Describe popular forms of entertainment used to spread
political messages
Explain how Hitler and the Nazi Party established a
totalitarian state in Germany
What are Totalitarian and Fascism gov’ts?
Where did they rule and who were the leaders?
How did Mussolini take over Italy?
When and who created the USSR?
How does Stalin change the Soviet Unions economy?