Module 4 Tips – Learning & Language
Module Checklist
It is important you read each page in every lesson as well as all linked readings.
Taking notes as you are reading will assist you when studying for future exams.
Module
Time to
Complete
Points
Possible
04.00 Module Four Pre-assessment: What do you know about
30 minutes
learning and language?
1
04.01 Classical Conditioning: What a classic!
1½ hours
50
04.02 Reinforcement: You deserve a cookie
1 hour
50
04.03 Thinking Socially: Let’s learn some more
1 hour
N/A
04.04 Obtaining and Processing Information: What you see is
what you get & Collaborative Option: Encoding Lesson Plan
2 hours
50
04.05 Retaining Information: What was that? I forgot!
1 hour
50
04.06 Intelligence: Investigating Intelligence
2 hours
100
04.07 Creativity: Thinking outside of the box
1 hour
50
04.08 Module Four Review and Exam
1½ hours
100
04.00 Module Four Pre-assessment: What do you know about learning and
language?
Just give it a try – your score on the pretest does not hurt or help your grade 
Vocabulary
Conditioning: Ways in which we learn based upon an association between two events by
repeated exposure.
Ivan Pavlov: A Russian scientist who wanted to study the digestion of dogs; the founder of
classical conditioning.
Classical Conditioning: A method of conditioning in which associations are made between a
natural stimulus and a learned, neutral stimulus.
John B. Watson: An American psychologist who established the psychological school of
behaviorism, conducted the controversial 'Little Albert' experiment, and become a popular
author on child rearing.
Mary Cover Jones - A pioneer of behavior therapy within a scientific field dominated throughout
much of the 20th century by male scientists. She pioneered the removal of fears using
behavioral classical conditioning.
Stimulus Generalization: The theory that a response can spread from one specific stimulus to
a resembling stimuli.
Phobia: an exaggerated, usually illogical fear, such as heights, animals, the dark, etc., that
causes much anxiety.
Operant Conditioning: Conditioning that results from actions and consequences resulted from
the actions.
Primary Reinforcement: Something necessary for psychological/physical survival that is used
as a reward. Examples include love, food, water, and shelter.
Secondary Reinforcement: Anything that comes to represent a primary reinforcer. One
example is money.
Positive Reinforcement: Strengthening the possibility to repeat a response by following it with
something that is pleasant.
Negative Reinforcement: Strengthening a response by following it with taking away or
avoiding something unpleasant.
Punishment: The process of weakening a response by imposing unpleasant consequences.
Transfer of Training: A learning process in which learning is moved from one task to another
based on resemblance between the two tasks.
Amnesia: The blocking of old memories and/or the loss of the new memories.
Intelligence: The ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt
to new situations.
Mental Set: The tendency to use the same old solution over and over again even when it does
not work.
Schema: A mental codification of experience that includes a particular organized way of
perceiving cognitively and responding to a complex situation or set of stimuli.
Forgetting: An increase in errors in trying to retrieve information.
Aptitude: Capacity for learning.
Intelligence Quotient: A measure of intelligence originally obtained by comparing the mental
age with the chronological age and dividing this sum by 100.